摘要
结直肠癌是世界上最常见的癌症类型之一。由于结直肠癌的发展需要时间,如果在早期阶段发现,其发病率和死亡率可以得到有效治疗。因此,非侵入性或侵入性生物标志物在结直肠癌的早期诊断中起着至关重要的作用。已经进行了许多实验研究来评估粪便、血清和组织中的遗传、表观遗传或蛋白质标记物。通过识别指示癌症生长的基因、rna和/或蛋白质,有可能找到有助于结直肠癌诊断的生物标志物。结直肠癌分子亚型、DNA甲基化、microrna、长链非编码rna、外泌体及其在结直肠癌中的作用的最新进展导致了新的生物标志物的发现。在小规模调查中,大多数生物标记物看起来很有希望。然而,在常规临床应用之前,需要大规模的临床试验来验证其有效性。因此,本综述着重于小规模调查和大数据分析的结果,可能为结直肠癌的诊断、治疗和预后提供生物标志物的概述。
关键词: 结直肠癌,诊断,治疗,预后,循环肿瘤,长链非编码rna, microrna,蛋白质,外泌体。
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