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Current Molecular Medicine

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ISSN (Print): 1566-5240
ISSN (Online): 1875-5666

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Research Article

Impact of HLA Class I Antigen, Killer Inhibitory Receptor, and FCGR3A Genotypes on Breast Cancer Susceptibility and Tumor Stage

Author(s): Angelica Canossi*, Anna Aureli, Tiziana Del Beato, Giorgio Novelli, Oreste Buonomo, Piero Rossi, Adriano Venditti, Franco Papola and Giuseppe Sconocchia

Volume 24, Issue 7, 2024

Published on: 12 September, 2023

Page: [920 - 930] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230717162458

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The identification in breast cancer (BC) of novel genetic biomarkers regulating natural killer (NK) cell function, including the HLA, KIR, and CD16A (FCGR3A), may be still a challenge.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether the combined effect of these polymorphisms has an impact on BC susceptibility and progression.

Methods: 47 BC Italian patients and healthy individuals (39 females and 66 males/ females) were genotyped by Sanger sequencing (HLA-C exon 2-4 and FCGR3A- 158V/F, 48L/R/H) and PCR-SSP typing (KIR genes).

Results: HLA-C gene allele analysis showed the group C1, with HLA-C*07:02:01 allele, to be significantly associated with tumor progression (16.7% vs. 4.0%, p=0.04, OR=4.867), and instead, group C2, with HLA-C*05:01:01, was protective against disease susceptibility (0.0% vs. 7.2%, p=0.019, OR=0.087). In addition, we highlighted a significant reduction of the KIR2DS4ins in BC patients (pcorr.=0.022) and an increased combined presence of KIR2DL1 and KIR2DS1 genes in advanced BC patients compared to earlier stages (66.7% vs. 19.2%, p=0.002). The concurrent lack of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS4 genes in the presence of HLA-C2 alleles was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to BC (p=0.012, OR=5.020) or with lymph node involvement (p=0.008, OR=6.375). Lastly, we identified different combinations of the FCGR3A-48/158 variants and KIR genes in BC patients compared to controls.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in the development of BC probably exists a disorder of the NK innate immunity influenced by KIR/HLA-C gene content and FCGR3A-158 polymorphisms and that the combined analysis of these biomarkers might help predict genetic risk scores for tailored screening of BC patients in therapy.

Keywords: Breast cancer, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), HLA-C, immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor (FCGR3A), genetic risk, NK.

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