Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1386-2073
ISSN (Online): 1875-5402

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

A Comprehensive Review on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with Special Reference to Unani Medicine

Author(s): Faiza Khatoon, Mohd Azahar, Qamar Uddin, Nazim Husain*, Md Sanaul Moin and Shayni Khan

Volume 27, Issue 2, 2024

Published on: 19 June, 2023

Page: [187 - 202] Pages: 16

DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230504112848

Price: $65

Abstract

Trigonella foenum-graecum L., commonly known as Ḥulba or Methi in Unani medicine, is an annual self-pollinating plant belonging to the Leguminosae family. It has been utilized for centuries to treat a wide range of diseases, and modern research has supported its traditional medicinal claims. In this study, the authors have conducted manual and online searches to gather and summarize the scientific literature on Ḥulba. This article seeks to underscore the potential of Ḥulba in addressing a variety of health conditions as identified by esteemed classical Unani scholars, as well as to investigate its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties in contemporary medicine. The authors have utilized electronic databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, DOAJ, Google Scholar, and Ayush Research Portal to filter published material. According to the gathered literature, Unani physicians have consistently recommended Ḥulba seeds for a variety of ailments, such as indigestion, flatulence, colitis, arthritis, backache, paralysis, headaches, common cold, cough, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, vitiligo, and pityriasis. Additionally, the seeds and green leaves of Ḥulba contain several chemical constituents, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and amino acids. Furthermore, several pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Ḥulba possesses various properties, including antidiabetic, antispasmodic, hypolipidemic, immunological, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. Based on the available evidence, it can be concluded that Ḥulba has been effectively used in Unani medicine for treating a wide range of diseases. Unani scholars have extensively documented its pharmacological properties, which have been supported by modern research studies. However, further research is necessary to validate some of the claims made in traditional medicine using scientific parameters.

Keywords: Trigonella, phytochemistry, traditional medicine, ethnopharmacology, Ḥulba, hypolipidemic.

Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Basu, S.K. Seed Production Technology for Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) in the Canadian Prairies; University of Lethbridge, 1998.
[2]
Sun, W.; Shahrajabian, M.H.; Cheng, Q. Fenugreek Cultivation with emphasis on historical aspects and its uses in traditional medicine and modern pharmaceutical science. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 2021, 21(6), 724-730.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18755607MTEx4OTAn5] [PMID: 33245271]
[3]
Alam, M.T.; Hasan, I.; Perveen, A.; Nazamuddin, M.; Perveen, S. Hulba (Trigonella Foenum Graecum): The common Indian spice full of medicinal values. Int. J. Preclin. Pharm. Res., 2014, 5, 41-46.
[4]
Hilles, A.R.; Mahmood, S. Historical background, origin, distribution, and economic importance of Fenugreek. Fenugreek; Springer Singapore: Singapore, 2021, pp. 3-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_1]
[5]
Hidvegi, M.; El Kady, A.; Lásztity, R.; Bekes, F.; Simon-Sarkadi, L. Contributions to the Nutritional Characterization of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L. 1753). Acta Aliment., 1984, 13, 315-324.
[6]
Basch, E.; Ulbricht, C.; Kuo, G.; Szapary, P.; Smith, M. Therapeutic applications of fenugreek. Altern. Med. Rev., 2003, 8(1), 20-27.
[PMID: 12611558]
[7]
Zakir, M.; Khanam, S.; Kazmi, M.H. Medicinal Properties of Hulba (Fenugreek) in Unani System of Medicine. Fenugreek; Springer: Singapore, 2021, pp. 377-393.
[8]
Schmidt-Stiedenroth, K. Unani Medicine in the Making; Amsterdam University Press, 2020.
[9]
Ahmad, W.; Sofi, G.; Alam, M.A.; Zulkifle, M.; Ahmad, B. Understanding Holism in the light of principle underlying practice of Unani Medicine. Rev. Environ. Health, 2022, 37(2), 189-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0009] [PMID: 33984879]
[10]
Organization, W.H. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy: 2014-2023. 2013.
[11]
Khalid, M.; Husain, N.; Rahmatullah, M.; Alam, A.; Beg, M.U. A comprehensive review on the medicinal benefits of honey with an emphasis on Unani medicine. Curr. Tradit. Med., 2023, 9, 13-22.
[12]
Farooqi, M. Tibb-i Nabwi Aur Nabatat-i Ahadith; Sidrah publishers Golaganj: Luckhnow, 2010.
[13]
Visuvanathan, T.; Than, L.T.L.; Stanslas, J.; Chew, S.Y.; Vellasamy, S. Revisiting Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentialities; Plants: Basel, Switzerland, 2022, p. 11.
[14]
Singh, V.I.; Sharma, R.K.; Kumar, Y.; Saqulain, S. Pharmacological aspects & medicinal uses of Trigonella foenum-graecum A Current Review. Int. J. Ayurvedic Med., 2021, 12(4), 776-786.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i4.2204]
[15]
Yadav, U.C.S.; Baquer, N.Z. Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in health and disease. Pharm. Biol., 2014, 52(2), 243-254.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.826247] [PMID: 24102093]
[16]
Yao, D.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, Q.; Hu, Y.; Wang, S.; Wang, Y.; Cao, H.; Xiao, J. Advances on application of fenugreek seeds as functional foods: Pharmacology, clinical application, products, patents and market. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2020, 60(14), 2342-2352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1635567] [PMID: 31286789]
[17]
Ouzir, M.; El Bairi, K.; Amzazi, S. Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Food Chem. Toxicol., 2016, 96, 145-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003] [PMID: 27498339]
[18]
Syed, Q.A.; Rashid, Z.; Ahmad, M.H.; Shukat, R.; Ishaq, A.; Muhammad, N.; Rahman, H.U.U. Nutritional and therapeutic properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) : A review. Int. J. Food Prop., 2020, 23(1), 1777-1791.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2020.1825482]
[19]
Saleem, M. Unani Antidiabetic Drugs; Idara Kitab al-Shifa: New Delhi, 2002.
[20]
Engineers, N.B. Handbook on Unani Medicines with Formulae, Processes , Uses and Analysis; Ajay kumar GuptaAsia pacific business press: Delhi , 2003.
[21]
The Unani Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-4 Part 1; CCRUM; Dept.of AYUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Govt. of India: New Delhi, 2007.
[22]
Kirtikar, K.R.; Basu, B.D. Indian Medicinal Plants; International book distributors: Dehradun, 2005.
[23]
Botany Fenugreek. CRC Press, 2002, 25-33.
[24]
Kirtikar, K.; Basu, B. Indian Medicinal Plants with Illustrations, 2nd Ed; Oriental Enterprises: Dehradun, 2003.
[25]
Wani, S.A.; Kumar, P. Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 2018, 17(2), 97-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2016.01.007]
[26]
Chopra, R.; Nayer, S.; Chopra, I. Glossary of India Medicinal Plants; CSIR Publications: New Delhi, 1956.
[27]
Khan, Q.A.; Khan, A.A.; Ansari, S. Hulbah (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum): A Review. Int. J. Pharmacogn., 2015, 2, 315-319.
[28]
Ansari, S.H. Essentials of Pharmacognocy. Delhi; Birla Publication: New Delhi, 1985.
[29]
Hakīm, A.H. Bustān Al-Mufradāt; Idāra Kitāb al Shifā: New Delhi,, 2002.
[30]
Shareef, M.A. Kitab Al-Advia Al-Mufradat Shareef; Best Printer & Publishers chatta Bazar: Hyderabad , 2012.
[31]
Azmi, W. Kulliyat-i Advia; Ejaz publishing house: New Delhi, 2011.
[32]
Khan, M. Muheet-i Azam Vol-2; Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine: New Delhi, 2013.
[33]
Khan, A. Umoor-i Tabiya; Idara Kitabul Shifa Daryagunj: Delhi, 2008.
[34]
Nasir, A.M. Naseerul Mualajeen; Matba Mohd Ali Bashk Khan: Lucknow, 1293
[35]
Lubhaya, R. Bayanul Adviya. [Urdu]; Goswami Pharmacy Gali Qasim Jan: New Delhi, 1977.
[36]
Ibn-e-Baitar. Al-Jami’ Al-Mufradat Al-Advia Wal Aghziya; New Delhi: CCRIUM, AYUSH, 2003.
[37]
Sina, I. Alqanoon-Fit-Tibb Translated by Ghulam Husain Kintoori. Pakistan: Ghazni street Urdu bazaar Lahore; , 2007, 2, .
[38]
Imran Usmani, M. Tanqih Al-Mufradat; Ajāz publishing house New Delhi: Azamghar U.P; , 2008.
[39]
Ghani, N. Khazā’in Al-Adwiya; Naval kishore: Lucknow, India; , 1920.
[40]
Kabeeruddin, M. Makhzanul Mufradat Al-Ma’roof Khawas Al-Advia; Faisal Brothers Publications Daryaganj Delhi: Delhi, 2000.
[41]
Tarique, N.A. Taj Al-Mufradāt, 1st ed; Idāra Kitāb al-Shifā: New Delhi; , 2010.
[42]
Khan, M. Muheet-e-Azam; , 2021, 1. U P, .
[43]
Rafeequddin, M. Kanzul Mufradat; University Publication unit, Sarfaraz House; AMU: Aligarh, 1985.
[44]
Haider, A. Majma-Ul-Behrain Nawal kishor Road lko, 1905.
[45]
Kabiruddin, M. Zade Gharib (Makhzanul Taleem); Daftarul Masihulmulk Karol bagh: New Delhi; , 1927.
[46]
Qarshi, A. Moalajat Al-Sadeedi (Arabic); Matba Nami Nawal Kishore: Kanpur, 1870.
[47]
Thorat, R.; Gaikwad, D. Pharmacognostical and Phytophysicochemical Investigations of Trigonella Foenum – Graecum Linn. J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2019, 9, 138-145.
[48]
Ahmad, S. Iftikhār-Al Mufradat; Awshad Ghar Iftikhariya Publications: Kolkata, 2018.
[49]
CCRUM. The Unani Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1 Vol-5; Department of AYUSH, Ministry of health and Family Welfare; Government of India: Delhi, 2007.
[50]
WFO. 2021.Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000212944 (accessed Nov 4, 2021)
[51]
Chatterjee, A.; Pakrashi, S. The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. National institute of Science Communication, CSIR: New Delhi; , 1992, 2, .
[52]
The Wealth of India Volume X-SP-W; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2003.
[53]
Nadkarni, K.M. Indian Materia Medica; Popular Prakashan: Bombay, 1989.
[54]
Ali, M. Pharmacognosy (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry); CBS Publisher and Distributer: New Delhi, 2020.
[55]
Rathore, P.; Manohar, S. Effect of date of sowing, levels of nitrogen and phosphorous on growth and yield of fenugreek. Madras Agric. J., 1989, 76, 647-648.
[56]
Mehrafarin, A.; Rezazadeh, S.; Naghdi Badi, H.; Noormohammadi, G.; Zand, E.; Qaderi, A. A Review on biology, cultivation and biotechnology of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) as a valuable medicinal plant and multipurpose. Faslnamah-i Giyahan-i Daruyi, 2011, 10, 6-24.
[57]
Standardisation of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part I; CCRUM, Dept. of AYUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Govt. of India 1992.
[58]
Patil, D.; Patil, A.; Vadera, K.; Ansari, A. Standardization and quality control parameters of aerial parts (Leaves and Stem) of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.-An important medicinal plant. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7, 163-170. Available From: www.jocpr.com
[59]
Yadav, R.; Kaushik, R. The Health Benefits of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum A review. Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl., 2011, 1, 32-35.
[60]
Rastogi, R.P. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants; CDRI, Lucknow & National Institute of Science Communication: Lucknow, 1993.
[61]
Chatterjee, S.; Variyar, P.S.; Sharma, A. Bioactive lipid constituents of fenugreek. Food Chem., 2010, 119(1), 349-353.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.076]
[62]
Singh, N.; Yadav, S.S.; Kumar, S.; Narashiman, B. Ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and clinical studies on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Food Biosci., 2022, 46, 101546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101546]
[63]
Tabassum, H.; Ahmad, I.Z. Trigonella Foenum-Graecum and its bioactive compounds having potential antidiabetic activity. Fenugreek; Springer Singapore: Singapore, 2021, pp. 447-480.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_19]
[64]
Kilambi, P.; Shah, P.A. Fenugreek: A wonder spice with versatile pharmacological activities and clinical applications. Fenugreek; Springer: Singapore, 2021, pp. 395-445.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_18]
[65]
Gong, J.; Fang, K.; Dong, H.; Wang, D.; Hu, M.; Lu, F. Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes and prediabetes: A meta-analysis. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 194, 260-268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.003] [PMID: 27496582]
[66]
Pathak, N.; Pant, N.; Singh, J.P.; Agrawal, S. Antioxidant activity of Trigonella Foenum Graecum L. Using various in vitro models. Int. J. Herb. Med., 2014, 2, 53-57.
[67]
Xue, W.; Lei, J.; Li, X.; Zhang, R. Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract protects kidney function and morphology in diabetic rats via its antioxidant activity. Nutr. Res., 2011, 31(7), 555-562.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.05.010] [PMID: 21840472]
[68]
Liu, Y.; Kakani, R.; Nair, M.G. Compounds in functional food fenugreek spice exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Food Chem., 2012, 131(4), 1187-1192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.102]
[69]
Bhatia, K.; Kaur, M.; Atif, F.; Ali, M.; Rehman, H.; Rahman, S.; Raisuddin, S. Aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. ameliorates additive urotoxicity of buthionine sulfoximine and cyclophosphamide in mice. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2006, 44(10), 1744-1750.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.013] [PMID: 16828947]
[70]
Madar, Z.; Shomer, I. Polysaccharide composition of a gel fraction derived from fenugreek and its effect on starch digestion and bile acid absorption in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38(7), 1535-1539.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00097a023]
[71]
Pradeepkiran, J.A.; Nandyala, V.S.; Bhaskar, M. Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract plays a beneficial role on brain antioxidant and oxidative status in alloxan-induced Wistar rats. Food Quality Safety, 2020, 4(2), 83-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa015]
[72]
Kaviarasan, S.; Naik, G.H.; Gangabhagirathi, R.; Anuradha, C.V.; Priyadarsini, K.I. In vitro studies on antiradical and antioxidant activities of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds. Food Chem., 2007, 103(1), 31-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.064]
[73]
Meera, R.; Devi, P.; Kameswari, B.; Madhumitha, B.; Merlin, N.J. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Ocimum basilicum Linn. and Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. against H2O2 and CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity in goat liver. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2009, 47(7), 584-590.
[PMID: 19761043]
[74]
Askarpour, M.; Alami, F.; Campbell, M.S.; Venkatakrishnan, K.; Hadi, A.; Ghaedi, E. Effect of fenugreek supplementation on blood lipids and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2020, 253, 112538.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112538] [PMID: 32087319]
[75]
Taïbi, K.; Abderrahim, L.A.; Ferhat, K.; Betta, S.; Taïbi, F.; Bouraada, F.; Boussaid, M. Ethnopharmacological study of natural products used for traditional cancer therapy in Algeria. Saudi Pharm. J., 2020, 28(11), 1451-1465.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.011] [PMID: 33250653]
[76]
O’Mahony, R.; Al-Khtheeri, H.; Weerasekera, D.; Fernando, N.; Vaira, D.; Holton, J.; Basset, C. Bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. World J. Gastroenterol., 2005, 11(47), 7499-7507.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i47.7499] [PMID: 16437723]
[77]
Randhir, R.; Lin, Y-T.; Shetty, K. Phenolics, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in dark germinated fenugreek sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 13(3), 295-307.
[PMID: 15331344]
[78]
Randhir, R.; Shetty, K. Improved alpha-amylase and Helicobacter pylori inhibition by fenugreek extracts derived via solid-state bioconversion using Rhizopus oligosporus. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2007, 16(3), 382-392.
[PMID: 17704018]
[79]
Sultana, S.; Sultana, N. Antibacterial Activities of Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum) and Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum). Life Sci. Med. Res., 2011, 2011, 27.
[80]
Sheikhlar, A.; Alimon, A.R.; Daud, H.M.; Saad, C.R.; Shanagi, H. Screening of Morus alba, Citrus limon and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts for antimicrobial properties and phytochemical compounds. J. Biol. Sci. (Faisalabad, Pak.), 2013, 13(5), 386-392.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2013.386.392]
[81]
Chandra, R.; Dwivedi, V.; Shivam, K.; Jha, A.K. Detection of Antimicrobial Activity of Oscimum Sanctum (Tulsi) & Trigonella Foenum Graecum (Methi) against some selected bacterial & fungal strains. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 809-813.
[82]
Moradi Kor, N.; Moradi, K. Physiological and Pharmaceutical Effects of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.). Glob. J. Med. Plant Res., 2013, 1, 199-206.
[83]
Haouala, R.; Hawala, S.; El-Ayeb, A.; Khanfir, R.; Boughanmi, N. Aqueous and organic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. inhibit the mycelia growth of fungi. J. Environ. Sci. (China), 2008, 20(12), 1453-1457.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62548-6] [PMID: 19209631]
[84]
Montagner, C.; de Souza, S.M.; Groposo, C.; Delle Monache, F.; Smânia, E.F.A.; Smânia, A., Jr Antifungal activity of coumarins. Z. Naturforsch. C J. Biosci., 2008, 63(1-2), 21-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-1-205] [PMID: 18386483]
[85]
Dharajiya, D.; Jasani, H.; Khatrani, T.; Kapuria, M.; Pachchigar, K.; Patel, P. Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) extracts. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 8, 212-217.
[86]
Rehman, H.; Ansari, R.A.; Raisuddin, S. Modulatory effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. extract on deltamethrin-induced low dose immunosuppression in mice. Toxicol. Lett., 2006, 164, S104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.219]
[87]
Bin-Hafeez, B.; Haque, R.; Parvez, S.; Pandey, S.; Sayeed, I.; Raisuddin, S. Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2003, 3(2), 257-265.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00292-8] [PMID: 12586606]
[88]
Ramadan, G.; El-Beih, N.M.; Abd El-Kareem, H.F. Anti-metabolic syndrome and immunostimulant activities of Egyptian fenugreek seeds in diabetic/obese and immunosuppressive rat models. Br. J. Nutr., 2011, 105(7), 995-1004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510004708] [PMID: 21205429]
[89]
Manju, V.; Murugesan, M.; Revathi, R. Cardioprotective effect of fenugreek on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol., 2011, 43(5), 516-519.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.84957] [PMID: 22021992]
[90]
Parvizpur, A.; Ahmadiani, A.; Kamalinejad, M. Spinal serotonergic system is partially involved in antinociception induced by Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) leaf extract. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2004, 95(1), 13-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.020] [PMID: 15374601]
[91]
Abbas, N.; Al Rubaish, A.R.; Ali, S. Study of anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic antimicrobial effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum sprouts and effect of glacial acetic acid on blood cells of mice. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 1, 67-73.
[92]
Ahmadiani, A.; Javan, M.; Semnanian, S.; Barat, E.; Kamalinejad, M. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves extract in the rat. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2001, 75(2-3), 283-286.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00187-8] [PMID: 11297864]
[93]
Suja Pandian, R.; Anuradha, C.V.; Viswanathan, P. Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2002, 81(3), 393-397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00117-4] [PMID: 12127242]
[94]
Kheirandish, R.; Azari, O.; Shojaeepour, S. Protective Effect of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) seed extract on experimental reflux esophagitis in rat. Iran. J. Vet. Surg., 2013, 8, 49-56.
[95]
Khadse, C.D.; Kakde, R.B. In vitro anthelmintic activity of fenugreek seeds extract against Pheritima Posthuma. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci, 2010, 1, 267-269.
[96]
Buchineni, M.; Kondaveti, S. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Fenugreek leaves (Aqueous Extract) in Indian earthworms. Pharma Innov., 2016, 5, 70.
[97]
Al-Atwi, L.F. Clinical evaluation for the diuretic effect of the alcoholic extract of Trigonella Faenum-Gracum seeds (Fenugreek) on rabbits. Alkoufa Vet. Med. J., 2010, 1, 116-121.
[98]
Rohini, R.; Nayeem, N.; Das, A. Diuretic effect of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum seed extracts. Internet J. Altern. Med., 2008, 6, 1-4.
[99]
El-Nawasany, S.A.E.M.; Shalaby, S.I.; El Badria, F.A.; Magraby, G.M.; Gupta, N. Diuretic effect of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum- Graecum Linn) in cirrhotic ascitic patients. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. JPP, 2017, 6, 185-189.
[100]
Pawar, V.S.; Hugar, S. Adaptogenic activity of Trigonella foenum graecum (Linn) seeds in rodents exposed to anoxia and immobilization stress. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 2012, 2(1), S208-S211.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60161-0]
[101]
Sreeja, S.; Anju, V.S.; Sreeja, S. In vitro estrogenic activities of fenugreek Trigonella foenum graecum seeds. Indian J. Med. Res., 2010, 131, 814-819.
[PMID: 20571172]
[102]
Doshi, M.; Mirza, A.; Umarji, B.; Karambelkar, R. Effect of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum (Fenugreek/Methi) on hemoglobin levels in females of child bearing age. Biomed Res, 2012, 23, 47e50.
[103]
Moghadam, F.H.; Vakili-Zarch, B.; Shafiee, M.; Mirjalili, A. Fenugreek seed extract treats peripheral neuropathy in pyridoxine induced neuropathic mice. EXCLI J., 2013, 12, 282-290.
[PMID: 26417231]
[104]
Gaur, V.; Bodhankar, S.L.; Mohan, V.; Thakurdesai, P.A. Neurobehavioral assessment of hydroalcoholic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease. Pharm. Biol., 2013, 51(5), 550-557.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2012.747547] [PMID: 23368940]
[105]
Sumitra, M.; Manikandan, P.; Suguna, L.; Cehittar, G. Study of dermal wound healing activity of Trigonella foenum graceum seeds in rats. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 2000, 28(2), 59-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.28.59]
[106]
Taranalli, A.D.; Kuppast, I.J. Study of wound healing activity of seeds of Trigonella Foenum Graecum in Rats. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1996, 58, 117-119.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
34
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy