Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Safety

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1574-8863
ISSN (Online): 2212-3911

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

To Evaluate the Association Between Serum Concentration of Vitamin D and Chronic Periodontitis in Non-menopausal Females: A Clinico Biochemical Study

Author(s): Jasleen Kaur*, Supreet Kaur, Vandana Sarangal, Raman Deep Singh Narang, Sahib Tej Singh and Danish Khindri

Volume 19, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 16 March, 2023

Page: [106 - 113] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666230228085220

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease’s initiation and propagation is through a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota. But recently, through the extraordinary progress, the interrelationship that exists between periodontal disease and systemic health has been unveiled. Through various studies, it has been revealed that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a greater risk of developing chronic periodontitis and vitamin D supplementation may help to preserve periodontal health.

Aim: To find a co-relation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D status and the severity of periodontal diseases. To evaluate and compare the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy alone and in combination with vitamin D supplementation in reducing the severity of periodontal diseases.

Methods: The present study was conducted on 90 non-menopausal female subjects who divided into 3 groups. Group I comprised of healthy controls. Group II comprised of patients with moderate chronic periodontitis who were assigned to receive only Scaling and root planing (SRP). While group III included patients with moderate chronic periodontitis who were assigned to receive SRP along with Vitamin D supplementation. The periodontal parameters and serum levels of 25- hydroxy vitamin D were recorded for all the participants at baseline. Group II and group III participants were reassessed at an interval of 3 months post-treatment.

Results: The results indicated that vitamin D deficiency affected periodontal health negatively. Statistically highly significant improvement was observed in Group III as compared to group II, signifying the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation adjunctive to SRP.

Conclusion: Regular evaluation of Vitamin D levels and supplementation to treat the deficiency may have potential periodontal health benefits.

Keywords: Vitamin D, periodontal disease, periodontal attachment loss, prevention and control, risk factors, vitamin D supplementation.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Listgarten MA. Pathogenesis of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1986; 13(5): 418-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01485.x] [PMID: 3522650]
[2]
Hajishengallis G. Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15(1): 30-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3785] [PMID: 25534621]
[3]
Nishida M, Grossi SG, Dunford RG, Ho AW, Trevisan M, Genco RJ. Calcium and the risk for periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000; 71(7): 1057-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.7.1057] [PMID: 10960010]
[4]
Antonoglou GN, Knuuttila M, Niemelä O, et al. Low serum level of 1,25(OH)2 D is associated with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50(2): 274-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12207] [PMID: 25039942]
[5]
Stein SH, Livada R, Tipton DA. Re-evaluating the role of vitamin D in the periodontium. J Periodontal Res 2014; 49(5): 545-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12149] [PMID: 24256576]
[6]
Stein SH, Tipton DA. Vitamin D and its impact on oral health-an update. J Tenn Dent Assoc 2011; 91(2): 30-3.
[PMID: 21748977]
[7]
Anand N, Chandrasekaran SC, Rajput N. Vitamin D and periodontal health: Current concepts. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17(3): 302-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.115645] [PMID: 24049329]
[8]
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(3): 266-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra070553] [PMID: 17634462]
[9]
Jagelavičienė E, Vaitkevičienė I, Šilingaitė D, Šinkūnaitė E, Daugėlaitė G. The relationship between vitamin D and periodontal pathology. Medicina 2018; 54(3): 45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54030045] [PMID: 30344276]
[10]
Mathieu C, Adorini L. The coming of age of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogs as immunomodulatory agents. Trends Mol Med 2002; 8(4): 174-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4914(02)02294-3] [PMID: 11927275]
[11]
Perayil J, Menon KS, Kurup S, Thomas AE, Fenol A, Vyloppillil R, et al. Influence of vitamin D & calcium supplementation in the management of periodontitis. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9(6): ZC35-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/12292.6091]
[12]
Baeke F, Takiishi T, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Vitamin D: Modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010; 10(4): 482-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001] [PMID: 20427238]
[13]
Bayirli BA, Öztürk A, Avci B. Serum vitamin D concentration is associated with antimicrobial peptide level in periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117: 104827.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104827] [PMID: 32673820]
[14]
Bikle DD. Vitamin D and the immune system: Role in protection against bacterial infection. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2008; 17(4): 348-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282ff64a3] [PMID: 18660668]
[15]
Adams JS, Hewison M. Unexpected actions of vitamin D: New perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2008; 4(2): 80-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpendmet0716] [PMID: 18212810]
[16]
Prietl B, Treiber G, Pieber T, Amrein K. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients 2013; 5(7): 2502-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5072502] [PMID: 23857223]
[17]
Tanwar J, Hungund S, Dodani K. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy: A review. Oral Res Rev 2016; 8(1): 39-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4987.182490]
[18]
Khan S, Ahad A. Application of adjunct vitamin D supplementation in the management of periodontal disease: A three-pronged approach. J Dent Sci 2021; 16(1): 534-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.009] [PMID: 33384844]
[19]
Ahuja M. Age of menopause and determinants of menopause age: A PAN India survey by IMS. J Midlife Health 2016; 7(3): 126-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.191012] [PMID: 27721640]
[20]
Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol 2018; 89 (Suppl. 1): S159-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0006] [PMID: 29926952]
[21]
Loe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967; 38(6): 610-6.
[22]
Takei HH, Carranza FA. Clinical diagnosis. In: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. W.B. Saunders: Philadelphila 2012; pp. 340-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-0416-7.00030-5]
[23]
Perić M, Maiter D, Cavalier E, Lasserre JF, Toma S. The effects of 6-month vitamin D supplementation during the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in vitamin-D-deficient patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nutrients 2020; 12(10): 2940.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12102940] [PMID: 32992785]
[24]
Meghil MM, Hutchens L, Raed A, et al. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on local and systemic inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients: A pilot study. Oral Dis 2019; 25(5): 1403-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.13097] [PMID: 30912231]
[25]
G R. Gupta A. Vitamin D deficiency in India: Prevalence, causalities and interventions. Nutrients 2014; 6(2): 729-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu6020729] [PMID: 24566435]
[26]
Goswami R, Kochupillai N, Gupta N, Goswami D, Singh N, Dudha A. Presence of 25(OH)D deficiency in a rural North Indian village despite abundant sunshine. J Assoc Physicians India 2008; 56: 755-7.
[PMID: 19263699]
[27]
Khadilkar AV. Vitamin D deficiency in Indian adolescents. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47(9): 755-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-010-0110-6] [PMID: 21048257]
[28]
Singh NR, Bachhel R, Sidhu J. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in north-west Punjab population: A cross-sectional study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2015; 5(1): 7-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-516X.149220] [PMID: 25664260]
[29]
Holick MF, Chen TC. Vitamin D deficiency: A worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(4): 1080S-6S.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080S] [PMID: 18400738]
[30]
Harinarayan CV, Appicatlaa L, Nalini BA, Joshi S. Efficacy and safety of cholecalciferol supplementation in Vitamin D deficient subjects based on endocrine society clinical practice guidelines. Endocrinol Metab Syndr 2012; S4: 004.
[31]
Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96(7): 1911-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0385] [PMID: 21646368]
[32]
Hassan AO, Hussein SM, Sahib WW. Salivary biomarkers (PGE2, MMP-8, ALP levels) and clinical periodontal parameters for segregation of periodontal health and diseases. Int J Adv Res Biolog Sci 2016; 3(9): 27-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2016.03.09.004]
[33]
Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Dyer JK, Bates RE Jr. Evaluation of four modalities of periodontal therapy. Mean probing depth, probing attachment level and recession changes. J Periodontol 1988; 59(12): 783-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1988.59.12.783] [PMID: 3066888]
[34]
Greenstein G. Periodontal response to mechanical non-surgical therapy: a review. J Periodontol 1992; 63(2): 118-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1992.63.2.118] [PMID: 1552465]
[35]
Cobb CM. Clinical significance of non-surgical periodontal therapy: An evidence-based perspective of scaling and root planing. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29 (Suppl. 2): 22-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.29.s2.4.x] [PMID: 12010523]
[36]
Proye M, Caton J, Polson A. Initial healing of periodontal pockets after a single episode of root planing monitored by controlled probing forces. J Periodontol 1982; 53(5): 296-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1982.53.5.296] [PMID: 7045322]
[37]
Mlachkova AM, Popova CL. Efficiency of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in moderate chronic periodontitis. Folia Med 2014; 56(2): 109-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2014-0016] [PMID: 25181848]
[38]
Dietrich T, Nunn M, Dawson-Hughes B, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and gingival inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82(3): 575-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.3.575] [PMID: 16155270]
[39]
Hiremath V, Rao CB, Naiak V, Prasad KVV. Anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D on gingivitis: A dose response randomised controlled trial. Indian J Public Health 2013; 57(1): 29-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-557X.111365] [PMID: 23649140]
[40]
Oh C, Kim HJ, Kim HM. Vitamin D maintains E-cadherin intercellular junctions by downregulating MMP-9 production in human gingival keratinocytes treated by TNF-α. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2019; 49(5): 270-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2019.49.5.270] [PMID: 31681485]
[41]
Schwalfenberg GK. A review of the critical role of vitamin D in the functioning of the immune system and the clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55(1): 96-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000174] [PMID: 20824663]
[42]
Khammissa RAG, Ballyram R, Jadwat Y, Fourie J, Lemmer J, Feller L. Vitamin D deficiency as it relates to oral immunity and chronic periodontitis. Int J Dent 2018; 2018: 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7315797] [PMID: 30364037]
[43]
Miley DD, Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, et al. Cross-sectional study of vitamin D and calcium supplementation effects on chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009; 80(9): 1433-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090077] [PMID: 19722793]
[44]
Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, et al. One-year effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2011; 82(1): 25-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.100207] [PMID: 20809866]
[45]
Bhargava A, Rastogi P, Lal N, Singhal R, Khatoon S, Ali Mahdi A. Relationship between vitamin D and chronic periodontitis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9(2): 177-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.07.001] [PMID: 31211030]
[46]
Ketharanathan V, Torgersen GR, Petrovski BÉ, Preus HR. Radiographic alveolar bone level and levels of serum 25-OH-Vitamin D3 in ethnic Norwegian and Tamil periodontitis patients and their periodontally healthy controls. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19(1): 83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0769-6] [PMID: 31088439]
[47]
Madi M, Pavlic V, Mongith Alammar S, et al. The association between vitamin D level and periodontal disease in Saudi population, a preliminary study. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33(7): 595-600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.08.002] [PMID: 34803306]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
12
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy