Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current HIV Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-162X
ISSN (Online): 1873-4251

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Effects of Perceived Social Support on Health-Related Quality of Life in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic People Living with HIV in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author(s): Meilian Xie, Aiping Wang*, Kerong Wang, Yanping Yu and Zhaoxia Lin

Volume 21, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 22 February, 2023

Page: [63 - 72] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1570162X21666230123141922

Price: $65

Abstract

Objective: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is one of the critical goals of HIV prevention and control in the following decades, and perceived social support (PSS) has always exhibited a positive influence on patients' HRQOL. This study aims to describe the gap in social support in improving HRQOL between symptomatic and asymptomatic PLWH.

Methods: By analysing secondary data from an online survey, a multicenter, descriptive and crosssectional study was conducted. The correlation trend and differences between PSS and HRQOL among asymptomatic and symptomatic PLWH were determined.

Results: Information from 493 PLWH with ART medication was finally analyzed: 34.89% asymptomatic PLWH and 65.11% symptomatic PLWH. There were significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of family income (χ2 = 9.782, P = 0.021), HIV-positive duration (χ2 = 19.541, P < 0.001), stage of disease (χ2 = 9.617, P = 0.008), and comorbidities (χ2 = 26.119, P < 0.001). The mean score of HRQOL of PLWH for the whole domain of the questionnaire was 86.56 (SD = 15.95). In six domains of QOL and PSS, the asymptomatic group had better conditions than the symptomatic group. There was a linear association between PSS and HRQOL, not only in the symptomatic group but also asymptomatic population, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. When the level of PSS was between 60 and 80, the HRQOL of the symptomatic group was similar to that of the asymptomatic group. While the score of PSS exceeded 80, the HRQOL of the symptomatic group was less sensitive to the changes in PSS. The social and environmental status of HRQOL in PLWH was most strongly correlated with their PSS.

Conclusion: The value of PSS on the HRQOL in PLWH is confirmed, especially for asymptomatic subjects. Healthcare providers need a complete understanding of the gap in social support between the asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. The comprehensive strategies, including symptom management, active treatment, and social support, should be more efficient for improving the overall health of symptomatic PLWH.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, health-related quality of life, perceived social support, symptom, PLWH, asymptomatic population.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
National Center for AIDS & STD Control and Prevention. Annals of Information on Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment for AIDS, STD and Hepatitis C. Beijing, China 2020.
[2]
Fararouei M, Akbari M, Haghdoost A, Gouya M, Kazerooni P. Survival and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS: A 30-year national survey in Iran. J Res Med Sci 2019; 24(1): 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jrms.JRMS_630_18] [PMID: 30815018]
[3]
Trickey A, May MT, Vehreschild JJ, et al. Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. Lancet HIV 2017; 4(8): e349-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30066-8] [PMID: 28501495]
[4]
Scofield D, Moseholm E. HIV-related stigma and health-related quality of life in women living with HIV in developed countries: a systematic review. AIDS Care 2022; 34(1): 7-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1891193] [PMID: 33663284]
[5]
Zhu Z, Zhao R, Hu Y. Symptom clusters in people living with HIV: A systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 58(1): 115-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.03.018] [PMID: 30951828]
[6]
Chukwurah JN, Voss J, Mazanec SR, Avery A, Webel A. Associations between influencing factors, perceived symptom burden, and perceived overall function among adults living with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2020; 31(3): 325-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JNC.0000000000000166] [PMID: 32084038]
[7]
Pujasari H, Levy J, Culbert G, Steffen A, Carley D, Kapella M. Sleep disturbance, associated symptoms, and quality of life in adults living with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia. AIDS Care 2021; 33(1): 39-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1748868] [PMID: 32266830]
[8]
Sun-Suslow N, Pasipanodya E, Morgan E, et al. Social support moderates D-dimer and self-rated successful aging within people with HIV and older adults. J Behav Med 2020; 43(6): 979-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00141-6] [PMID: 32072364]
[9]
De Jesus M, Ware D, Brown AL, et al. Social-environmental resiliencies protect against loneliness among HIV-Positive and HIV- negative older men who have sex with men: Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Soc Sci Med 2021; 272: 113711.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113711] [PMID: 33550066]
[10]
Greysen SR, Horwitz LI, Covinsky KE, Gordon K, Ohl ME, Justice AC. Does social isolation predict hospitalization and mortality among HIV+ and uninfected older veterans? J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61(9): 1456-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12410] [PMID: 23927911]
[11]
Fang X, Vincent W, Calabrese SK, et al. Resilience, stress, and life quality in older adults living with HIV/AIDS. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19(11): 1015-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.1003287] [PMID: 25633086]
[12]
Siedner MJ. Aging, health, and quality of life for older people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review and proposed conceptual framework. J Aging Health 2019; 31(1): 109-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317724549] [PMID: 28831864]
[13]
World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health OrganizationQuality of Life (WHOQOL). Available from: https://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/whoqol/en/
[14]
Wilson IB, Cleary PD. Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes. JAMA 1995; 273(1): 59-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520250075037] [PMID: 7996652]
[15]
UNAIDS. Global aids strategy 2021–2026. Available from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2021/2021-2026-global-AIDS-strategy
[16]
Phaladze NA, Human S, Dlamini SB, et al. Quality of life and the concept of “living well” with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. J Nurs Scholarsh 2005; 37(2): 120-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00023.x] [PMID: 15960055]
[17]
Ahmed A, Saqlain M, Bashir N, et al. Health-related quality of life and its predictors among adults living with HIV/AIDS and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Pakistan. Qual Life Res 2021; 30(6): 1653-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02771-y] [PMID: 33582967]
[18]
The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med 1998; 46(12): 1569-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00009-4] [PMID: 9672396]
[19]
Sousa KH, Holzemer WL, Bakken Henry S, Slaughter R. Dimensions of health‐related quality of life in persons living with HIV disease. J Adv Nurs 1999; 29(1): 178-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00877.x] [PMID: 10064297]
[20]
Chow NK, Harun SN, Khan AH. Health-related quality of life and its association with sociodemographic, economic, health status and lifestyles among HIV-positive patients in northern Malaysia. AIDS Care 2022; 34(7): 936-41.
[PMID: 34543113]
[21]
Logie CH, Wang Y, Lacombe-Duncan A, et al. HIV-related stigma, racial discrimination, and gender discrimination: Pathways to physical and mental health-related quality of life among a national cohort of women living with HIV. Prev Med 2018; 107: 36-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.12.018] [PMID: 29277410]
[22]
Fekete EM, Williams SL, Skinta MD, Bogusch LM. Gender differences in disclosure concerns and HIV-related quality of life. AIDS Care 2016; 28(4): 450-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1114995] [PMID: 26850839]
[23]
Shan D, Ge Z, Ming S, et al. Quality of life and related factors among HIV-positive spouses from serodiscordant couples under antiretroviral therapy in Henan Province, China. PLoS One 2011; 6(6): e21839.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021839] [PMID: 21738797]
[24]
Stergiannis P, Rapti E, Boulmetis G, Platis C, Stergianni C, Intas G. Health-related quality of life and living costs of HIV-infected patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1337: 205-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_23] [PMID: 34972907]
[25]
Medeiros RCSC, Medeiros JA, Silva TAL, et al. Quality of life, socioeconomic and clinical factors, and physical exercise in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Rev Saude Publica 2017; 51(0): 66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006266] [PMID: 28746573]
[26]
Hopkins CN, Lee CA, Lambert CC, et al. Psychological resilience is an independent correlate of health-related quality of life in middle-aged and older adults with HIV in the Deep South. J Health Psychol 2022; 27(13): 2909-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13591053211072430] [PMID: 35086380]
[27]
Uchenwoke CI, Arinze BO, Nwankwo MJ, Umunnah JO. Quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy and social participation of persons living with mobility-related disability using mobility aids devices within select Nigerian communities. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2021; 2021: 1881173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2021.1881173] [PMID: 33555947]
[28]
George S, Bergin C, Clarke S, Courtney G, Codd MB. Health-related quality of life and associated factors in people with HIV: an Irish cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14(1): 115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-016-0517-4] [PMID: 27495166]
[29]
Friedland J, Renwick R, Mccoll M. Coping and social support as determinants of quality of life in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 1996; 8(1): 15-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129650125966] [PMID: 8664366]
[30]
Vidrine DJ, Arduino RC, Gritz ER. The effects of smoking abstinence on symptom burden and quality of life among persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2007; 21(9): 659-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2007.0022] [PMID: 17919093]
[31]
Fang L, Chuang DM, Al-Raes M. Social support, mental health needs, and HIV risk behaviors: a gender-specific, correlation study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19(1): 651.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6985-9] [PMID: 31138239]
[32]
Tran BX, Fleming M, Do HP, Nguyen LH, Latkin CA. Quality of life improvement, social stigma and antiretroviral treatment adherence: implications for long-term HIV/AIDS care. AIDS Care 2018; 30(12): 1524-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1510094] [PMID: 30099885]
[33]
Huang L, Li L, Zhang Y, Li H, Li X, Wang H. Self-efficacy, medication adherence, and quality of life among people living with HIV in Hunan Province of China: a questionnaire survey. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2013; 24(2): 145-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2012.04.006] [PMID: 22770801]
[34]
Cobb S. Presidential Address-1976. Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosom Med 1976; 38(5): 300-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003] [PMID: 981490]
[35]
Leserman J, Perkins DO, Evans DL. Coping with the threat of AIDS: the role of social support. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149(11): 1514-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.11.1514] [PMID: 1415818]
[36]
Wu X, Chen J, Huang H, Liu Z, Li X, Wang H. Perceived stigma, medical social support and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Hunan, China. Appl Nurs Res 2015; 28(2): 169-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2014.09.011] [PMID: 25315140]
[37]
Shrestha S, Shibanuma A, Poudel KC, et al. Perceived social support, coping, and stigma on the quality of life of people living with HIV in Nepal: a moderated mediation analysis. AIDS Care 2019; 31(4): 413-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1497136] [PMID: 29996657]
[38]
Oliveira RS, Primeira MR, Santos WM, Paula CC, Padoin SMM. Association between social support and adherence to anti-retroviral treatment in people living with HIV. Rev Gaúcha Enferm 2020; 41: e20190290.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190290] [PMID: 32667420]
[39]
Garfin DR, Shin SS, Ekstrand ML, et al. Depression, social support, and stigma as predictors of quality of life over time: results from an Asha-based HIV/AIDS intervention in India. AIDS Care 2019; 31(5): 563-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1563281] [PMID: 30714386]
[40]
Xiao Z, Li X, Qiao S, Zhou Y, Shen Z. Social support, depression, and quality of life among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China. AIDS Care 2017; 29(3): 319-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1224298] [PMID: 27590180]
[41]
Garrido-Hernansaiz H, Heylen E, Bharat S, Ramakrishna J, Ekstrand ML. Stigmas, symptom severity and perceived social support predict quality of life for PLHIV in urban Indian context. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14(1): 152.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-016-0556-x] [PMID: 27809839]
[42]
Atkins JH, Rubenstein SL, Sota TL, et al. Impact of social support on cognitive symptom burden in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 2010; 22(7): 793-802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903482994] [PMID: 20635243]
[43]
Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med 1991; 32(6): 705-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-B] [PMID: 2035047]
[44]
Yu DSF, Lee DTF, Woo J. Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS-SSS-C). Res Nurs Health 2004; 27(2): 135-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.20008] [PMID: 15042639]
[45]
Yu Y, Yang JP, Shiu CS, et al. Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. Appl Nurs Res 2015; 28(4): 328-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.03.006] [PMID: 26608434]
[46]
World Health Organization (WHO).. WHO WHOQOL-HIV BREF. 2012. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHOMSD- MER-Rev-2012-02
[47]
Yao G, Chung CW, Yu CF, Wang JD. Development and verification of validity and reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version. J Formos Med Assoc 2002; 101(5): 342-51.
[PMID: 12101852]
[48]
Rivero-Méndez M, Portillo C, Solís-Baez SS, Wantland D, Holzemer WL. Symptoms and quality of life of people living with HIV infection in Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J 2009; 28(1): 54-9.
[PMID: 19266741]
[49]
Remor E. Social support and quality of life in the HIV infection. Aten Prim 2002; 30(3): 143-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0212-6567(02)78993-2] [PMID: 12139849]
[50]
Li L, Ji G, Lin C, Liang LJ, Lan CW. Antiretroviral therapy initiation following policy changes. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 28(5): 416-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539516650721] [PMID: 27217427]
[51]
Menéndez-Arias L, Delgado R. Update and latest advances in antiretroviral therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43(1): 16-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2021.10.004] [PMID: 34742581]
[52]
Saag MS, Gandhi RT, Hoy JF, et al. Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults. JAMA 2020; 324(16): 1651-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.17025] [PMID: 33052386]
[53]
Charkhian A, Fekrazad H, Sajadi H, Rahgozar M, Haji Abdolbaghi M, Maddahi S. Relationship between health-related quality of life and social support in HIV-infected people in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health 2014; 43(1): 100-6.
[PMID: 26060686]
[54]
Hou WL, Chen CE, Liu HY, et al. Mediating effects of social support on depression and quality of life among patients with HIV infection in Taiwan. AIDS Care 2014; 26(8): 996-1003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.873764] [PMID: 24423628]
[55]
Brian Lakey. Sheldon cohen, social support theory and measurement London. London: Oxford University Press 2000.
[56]
Green G. Editorial review: Social support and HIV. AIDS Care 1993; 5(1): 87-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129308258587] [PMID: 8461365]
[57]
Herrmann S, McKinnon E, Hyland NB, et al. HIV-related stigma and physical symptoms have a persistent influence on health-related quality of life in Australians with HIV infection. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013; 11(1): 56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-56] [PMID: 23566318]
[58]
Baran R, Mulcahy F, Krznaric I, et al. Reduced HIV symptoms and improved health-related quality of life correlate with better access to care for HIV-1 infected women: the ELLA study. J Int AIDS Soc 2014; 17(4) (Suppl. 3): 19616.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.17.4.19616] [PMID: 25394120]
[59]
Namisango E, Harding R, Powell RA. Symptom clusters differentially affect quality of life outcomes: Preliminary evidence in HIV/AIDS. Palliat Med 2014; 28(6): 594.
[60]
A model for symptom management. Image J Nurs Sch 1994; 26(4): 272-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1994.tb00333.x] [PMID: 7829111]
[61]
Dodd M, Janson S, Facione N, et al. Advancing the science of symptom management. J Adv Nurs 2001; 33(5): 668-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01697.x] [PMID: 11298204]
[62]
Spirig R, Moody K, Battegay M, De Geest S. Symptom Management in HIV/AIDS. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2005; 28(4): 333-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200510000-00005] [PMID: 16292019]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
27
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy