Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Nutrition & Food Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4013
ISSN (Online): 2212-3881

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Alternative Approach of Nutraceuticals in Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Author(s): Ridhi Bajaj, Manisha Shekhawat, Anu Rani, Gajendra Singh and Virender Kumar*

Volume 19, Issue 7, 2023

Published on: 18 January, 2023

Page: [692 - 702] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1573401319666221124162331

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: High mortality and shortened lifespan are two of the major concerns associated with diabetes mellitus. Sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets play a significant role in the alarming rise in diabetes prevalence. Bringing this under control can be significantly helped by nutritional intervention and increased physical activity. Mainly, nutraceuticals are gaining the interest of people of all age groups as they benefit the population with various health benefits and are a suitable fit in today’s changing lifestyle.

Objective: In this study, nutraceuticals will be evaluated in the context of diabetes.

Methods: The literature survey was executed using PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The keywords used for searching the literature are diabetes, herbal, nutraceuticals, protein, vitamin and food.

Results: The review addresses the role of the nutraceuticals in treatment of diabetes.

Conclusion: In this review, we summarize nutraceuticals with anti-diabetic properties and investigate the possibility of a different approach of polypathy in managing diabetes.

Keywords: Alternative approach, nutraceuticals, management, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, polypathy.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Resources-IDF Diabetes Atlas. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/?gclid=CjwKCAjw6raYBhB7EiwABge5Kj1DcEugN1-uN2RtPcpeBbTCdRVteyWw_Y5s6X0_0eBYv6DBHnsTMRoCID8QAvD_BwE [Accessed on: 31 Aug 2022].
[2]
Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019; 157: p. 107843.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843] [PMID: 31518657]
[3]
International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas, 2011. Available from: https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx? referenceid=1695280 [Accessed on: 31 Aug 2022].
[4]
Khan R, Chua Z, Tan J, Yang Y, Liao Z, Zhao Y. From pre-diabetes to diabetes: diagnosis, treatments and translational research. Medicina 2019; 55(9): 546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090546] [PMID: 31470636]
[5]
International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Diabetes Atlas 2015. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/(S(vtj3fa45qm1ean 45vvffcz55))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=2085700 [Accessed on: 31 Aug 2022].
[6]
Karvonen M. Incidence and trends of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990–1999. Diabet Med 2006; 23(8): 857-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01925.x] [PMID: 16911623]
[7]
Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, et al. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet 2009; 373(9680): 2027-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7] [PMID: 19481249]
[8]
Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat AKS. Indian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013: 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/376327]
[9]
Chukwuebuka Egbuna. Genevieve Dable Tupas Functional foods and nutraceuticals : bioactive components, formulations and innovations. Springer Cham 2020; p. 642.
[10]
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2009; 32(S1): S81-90.
[PMID: 19118289]
[11]
Wilcox G. Insulin and insulin resistance. Clin Biochem Rev 2005; 26(2): 19.
[12]
Evans JL, Goldfine ID. A new road for treating the vascular complications of diabetes: So let’s step on the gas. Diabetes 2016; 65(2): 346-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dbi15-0029] [PMID: 26798120]
[13]
Kaiser N, Leibowitz G, Nesher R. Glucotoxicity and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003; 16(1): 5-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/JPEM.2003.16.1.5] [PMID: 12585335]
[14]
Huang S, Czech MP. The GLUT4 glucose transporter. Cell Metab 2007; 5(4): 237-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2007.03.006] [PMID: 17403369]
[15]
Shepherd PR, Kahn BB. Glucose transporters and insulin action--implications for insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(4): 248-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199907223410406] [PMID: 10413738]
[16]
Das L, Bhaumik E, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Role of nutraceuticals in human health. J Food Sci Technol 2012; 49(2): 173-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0269-4] [PMID: 23572839]
[17]
Nwosu OK, Ubaoji KI. Nutraceuticals: history, classification and market demand In functional foods and nutraceuticals. Springer Nature: Switzerland 2020; pp. 13-22.
[18]
Golla U. Emergence of nutraceuticals as the alternative medications for pharmaceuticals. Int J Complement Altern Med 2018; 11(3): 155-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijcam.2018.11.00388]
[19]
Pandey M, Verma RK, Saraf SA. Nutraceuticals: new era of medicine and health. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2010; 3(1): 1-5.
[20]
AlAli M, Alqubaisy M, Aljaafari MN, et al. Nutraceuticals: transformation of conventional foods into health promoters/disease preventers and safety considerations. Molecules 2021; 26(9): 2540.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092540] [PMID: 33925346]
[21]
Kumar D, Kumar A, Kumar V, Tomer V. Traditional medicinal systems for treatment of diabetes mellitus: A review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2018; 10(5): 7-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i5.25374]
[22]
Kumar V, Garg V, Dureja H, Ling C. Nanomedicine-based approaches for delivery of herbal compounds. Tradit Med Res 2022; 7(5): 48.
[23]
Kumar V, Garg V, Dureja H. Ananas comosus loaded nanoemulsion a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. Rev Med Theory Hypothesis 2022; 5(3): e22017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.53388/2022522017]
[24]
Uttara B, Singh A, Zamboni P, Mahajan R. Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options. Curr Neuropharmacol 2009; 7(1): 65-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015909787602823] [PMID: 19721819]
[25]
RJPT - Nutraceuticals: A Review on current status. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Pharmacy%20and%20Technology;PID=2014-7-1-15 [Accessed on: 31 Aug 2022].
[26]
Nasri H, Baradaran A, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5(12): 1487-99.
[PMID: 25709784]
[27]
Rajasekaran A. Nutraceuticals. Comprehen Med Chem III 2017; 1(8): 107-34.
[28]
Abioye RO, Okagu IU, Udenigwe CC. Targeting glucose transport proteins for diabetes management: regulatory roles of food-derived compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70(17): 5284-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00817] [PMID: 35439410]
[29]
Nutritional Recommendations for Individuals with Diabetes Endotext South Dartmouth (MA): MDTextcom, Inc. 2000.
[PMID: 25905243]
[30]
Fernandes I, Oliveira J, Pinho A, Carvalho E. The role of nutraceutical containing polyphenols in diabetes prevention. Metabolites 2022; 12(2): 184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020184]
[31]
Derosa G, Limas CP, Macías PC, Estrella A, Maffioli P. State of the art papers Dietary and nutraceutical approach to type 2 diabetes. Arch Med Sci 2014; 2(2): 336-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2014.42587] [PMID: 24904670]
[32]
Franzini L, Ardigò D, Zavaroni I. Dietary antioxidants and glucose metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11(4): 471-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e328303be79] [PMID: 18542009]
[33]
Bartlett HE, Eperjesi F. Nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 28(6): 503-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00595.x] [PMID: 19076553]
[34]
Ravishankar B, Shukla VJ. Indian systems of medicine: a brief profile. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2008; 4(3): 319-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v4i3.31226] [PMID: 20161896]
[35]
Modak M, Dixit P, Londhe J, Ghaskadbi S, Devasagayam TPA. Indian herbs and herbal drugs used for the treatment of diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007; 40(3): 163.
[36]
Rizvi SI, Mishra N. Traditional Indian medicines used for the management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013: 1-11.
[37]
Abascal K, Yarnell E. Using bitter melon to treat diabetes. Altern Complement Ther 2005; 11(4): 179-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/act.2005.11.179]
[38]
Alam MA, Uddin R, Subhan N, Rahman MM, Jain P, Reza HM. Beneficial role of bitter melon supplementation in obesity and related complications in metabolic syndrome. J Lipids 2015; 2015: 1-18.
[39]
Kumar V, Garg V, Dureja H. Nanoemulsion for delivery of anticancer drugs. Cancer Adv 2022; 5: e22016.
[40]
Vats V, Yadav SP, Grover JK. Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves partially attenuates streptozotocin-induced alterations in glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolism in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90(1): 155-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.034] [PMID: 14698524]
[41]
Rajasekaran S, Ravi K, Sivagnanam K, Subramanian S. Beneficial effects of aloe vera leaf gel extract on lipid profile status in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33(3): 232-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04351.x] [PMID: 16487267]
[42]
Kumar A, Ilavarasan R, Jayachandran T, et al. Anti-diabetic activity of Syzygium cumini and its isolated compound against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Med Plants Res 2020; 9(1): 1-004.
[43]
Ozougwu JC. Anti-diabetic effects of Allium cepa (onions) aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Rattus novergicus. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5(7): 1134-9.
[44]
Gazuwa S, Makanjuola ER, Jaryum KH, Kutshik JR, Mafulul S. The phytochemical composition of Allium Cepa/Allium Sativum and the effects of their aqueous extracts (Cooked and Raw Forms) on the lipid profile and other hepatic biochemical parameters in female albino wistar rats. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2013; 4(3): 406-10.
[45]
El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, El-Naga NIA. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43(1): 57-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2004.08.012] [PMID: 15582196]
[46]
Ohaeri OC. Effect of garlic oil on the levels of various enzymes in the serum and tissue of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Biosci Rep 2001; 21(1): 19-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010425932561] [PMID: 11508690]
[47]
Makhija I, Sharma IP, Khamar D. Phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Ficus religiosa: an overview. Ann Biol Res 2010; 1(4): 171-80.
[48]
Pandit R, Phadke A, Jagtap A. Antidiabetic effect of Ficus religiosa extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128(2): 462-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.025] [PMID: 20080167]
[49]
Helmy N, El-Soud A, Khalil MY, Hussein JS, Oraby FSH, Farrag ARH. Antidiabetic effects of fenugreek alkaliod extract in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats. J Appl Sci Res 2007; 3(10): 1073-83.
[50]
Al-Daghri NM, Alokail MS, Alkharfy KM, et al. Fenugreek extract as an inducer of cellular death via autophagy in human T lymphoma Jurkat cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12(1): 202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-202] [PMID: 23110539]
[51]
Joseph B, Jini D. Antidiabetic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) and its medicinal potency. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2013; 3(2): 93.
[52]
Mukundi MJ, Piero NM, Mwaniki NE, et al. Antidiabetic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica in alloxan induced diabetic mice. J Diabetes Metab 2015; 6(7): 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000568] [PMID: 26819810]
[53]
Krishnaveni M, Mirunalini S. Amla-the role of ayurvedic therapeutic herb in cancer. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2011; 4(3): 13-7.
[54]
da Silva Pinto M, Kwon YI, Apostolidis E, Lajolo FM. Genovese maria I, Shetty K. Evaluation of red currants (Ribes rubrum l.), black currants (Ribes nigrum l.), red and green gooseberries (ribes uva-crispa) for potential management of type 2 diabetes and hypertension using in vitro models. J Food Biochem 2010; 34(3): 639-60.
[55]
Lee SY, Park SL, Hwang JT, Yi SH, do Nam Y, il Lim S. Antidiabetic Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fermented by cheonggukjang in KK-A(y) Diabetic Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 163280.
[56]
White mulberry (Morus alba): A brief phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations account. 2013. Available from: https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PK2013000743 [Accessed on: 31 Aug 2022].
[57]
Jeszka-Skowron M, Flaczyk E, Jeszka J, Krejpcio Z, Król E, Buchowski MS. Mulberry leaf extract intake reduces hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2014; 8(1): 9-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.018]
[58]
Angelova N, Kong HW, van der Heijden R, et al. Recent methodology in the phytochemical analysis of ginseng. Phytochem Anal 2008; 19(1): 2-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.1049] [PMID: 18058794]
[59]
Kim HY, Kang KS, Yamabe N, Nagai R, Yokozawa T. Protective effect of heat-processed American ginseng against diabetic renal damage in rats. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55(21): 8491-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf071770y] [PMID: 17894462]
[60]
Hassan NA, Karunakaran R, Sankar U, Aye KM. Anti-diabetic effect of zingiber officinale on sprague dawley rats. Int J Pharmacog Phytochem Res 2016; 8(12): 1940-3.
[61]
Islam MS, Choi H. Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Garlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. J Med Food 2008; 11(1): 152-9.
[62]
Arulselvan P, Subramanian SP. Beneficial effects of Murraya koenigii leaves on antioxidant defense system and ultra structural changes of pancreatic β-cells in experimental diabetes in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 165(2): 155-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2006.10.014] [PMID: 17188670]
[63]
Kesari AN, Kesari S, Singh SK, Gupta RK, Watal G. Studies on the glycemic and lipidemic effect of Murraya koenigii in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 112(2): 305-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.023] [PMID: 17467937]
[64]
Yadav S, Vats V, Dhunnoo Y, Grover JK. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of Murraya koenigii leaves in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 82(2-3): 111-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00167-8] [PMID: 12241985]
[65]
Ibrahim M, Ahmed MF, Kazim SM, et al. Antidiabetic activity of Vinca rosea extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2010; 2010: 841090.
[66]
Nammi S, Boini MK, Lodagala SD, Behara RBS. The juice of fresh leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. reduces blood glucose in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med 2003; 3(1): 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-3-4] [PMID: 12950994]
[67]
Rajeswari DV. Pharmacological activities of catharanthus roseus: a perspective review. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013; 4(2): 431-9.
[68]
Tanaka K, Nishizono S, Makino N, Tamaru S, Terai O, Ikeda I. Hypoglycemic activity of Eriobotrya japonica seeds in type 2 diabetic rats and mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72(3): 686-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.70411] [PMID: 18323632]
[69]
Haris OS. Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects. Sci Pharm 2010; 78(2): 133-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.0912-18] [PMID: 21179340]
[70]
Maha EA, Promy V, Mai E, et al. Anti-diabetic effect of Murraya koenigii [L] and Olea europaea [L] leaf extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 359-65.
[71]
Wainstein J, Ganz T, Boaz M, et al. Olive leaf extract as a hypoglycemic agent in both human diabetic subjects and in rats. J Med Food 2012; 15(7): 605-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2011.0243] [PMID: 22512698]
[72]
Mohamed Sham Shihabudeen H, Hansi Priscilla D, Thirumurugan K. Cinnamon extract inhibits α-glucosidase activity and dampens postprandial glucose excursion in diabetic rats. Nutr Metab 2011; 8(1): 46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-8-46] [PMID: 21711570]
[73]
Gupta S, Kataria M, Gupta PK, Murganandan S, Yashroy RC. Protective role of extracts of neem seeds in diabetes caused by streptozotocin in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90(2-3): 185-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.024] [PMID: 15013179]
[74]
Rasooli I, Owlia P, Taghizadeh M, Astaneh SDA, Sharafi SM. Protective effects of bioactive phytochemicals from Mentha piperita with multiple health potentials. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6(23): 147-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.66926] [PMID: 20931070]
[75]
Barbalho SM, Damasceno DC, Spada APMH. Metabolic profile of offspring from Diabetic wistar rats treated with Mentha piperita (Peppermint). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011: 430237.
[76]
Ahmad N, Fazal H, Abbasi BH, Farooq S, Ali M, Khan MA. Biological role of Piper nigrum L. (Black pepper): A review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2(3): S1945-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60524-3]
[77]
Rauscher FM, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd. Effects of piperine on antioxidant pathways in tissues from normal and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats - Rauscher - 2000. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2000; 14(6): 329-34.
[78]
Vishwakarma S, Chandan K, Jeba R, Khushbu S. Comparative study of qualitative phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Mentha arvensis, Elettaria cardamomum and Allium porrum. Sci World J 2021; 2021: 5537597.
[79]
Ali M, El-Yamani S. Cinnamon, cardamom and ginger impacts as evaluated on hyperglycemic rats. Research Journal Specific Education 2011. Available from: https://cinnamonzone.hk/DOWNLOADS/cinnamon_cardamon_ginger_hyperglycemic_rats.pdf
[80]
Park SH, Ryu SN, Bu Y, Kim H, Simon JE, Kim KS. Antioxidant components as potential neuroprotective agents in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). 2010; 26(2): 103-21.
[81]
Bhuvaneswari P, Krishnakumari S. Antihyperglycemic potential of Sesamum indicum (linn) seeds in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012; 4: 527-31.
[82]
Gutiérrez RMP, Mitchell S, Solis RV. Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 117(1): 1-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025] [PMID: 18353572]
[83]
Antihyperglycaemic and antidiabetic effect of the leaf extracts of Albizzia lebbeck Linn. (Benth) and Psidium guajava Linn. On alloxan and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287780069_Antihyperglycaemic_and_antidiabetic_effect_of_the_leaf_extracts_of_Albizzia_lebbeck_Linn_Benth_and_Psidium_guajava_Linn_On_alloxan_and_streptozotocin_induced_diabetic_mice [Accessed on: 2022 Aug 31].
[84]
Jackson MB, Ahima RS. Neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of adipocyte-derived hormones. Clin Sci 2006; 110(2): 143-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20050243] [PMID: 16411891]
[85]
Rafieian-Kopaei M, Nasri H. Ginger and diabetic nephropathy. J Renal Inj Prev 2013; 2(1): 9.
[86]
Davì G, Santilli F, Patrono C. Nutraceuticals in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 28(4): 216-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00179.x] [PMID: 20633024]
[87]
McRae MP. Dietary fiber intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. J Chiropr Med 2018; 17(1): 44-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2017.11.002] [PMID: 29628808]
[88]
Singh B. Psyllium as therapeutic and drug delivery agent. Int J Pharm 2007; 334(1-2): 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.028] [PMID: 17329047]
[89]
Montonen J, Knekt P, Järvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(2): 362-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.2.362] [PMID: 14747214]
[90]
Li Y, Perera PK. Functional herbal food ingredients used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 6(11): 37-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.95863] [PMID: 22654403]
[91]
Dubnov G, Brzezinski A, Berry EM. Weight control and the management of obesity after menopause: the role of physical activity. Maturitas 2003; 44(2): 89-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5122(02)00328-6] [PMID: 12590004]
[92]
Korotchkina LG, Sidhu S, Patel MS. R-lipoic acid inhibits mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Free Radic Res 2004; 38(10): 1083-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10715760400004168] [PMID: 15512796]
[93]
Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 1999; 48(1): 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.48.1.1] [PMID: 9892215]
[94]
Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod 2000; 63(7): 1035-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np9904509] [PMID: 10924197]
[95]
Dembinska-Kiec A, Mykkänen O, Kiec-Wilk B, Mykkänen H. Antioxidant phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes. Br J Nutr 2008; 99: 1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711450896579X]
[96]
Chertow B. Advances in diabetes for the millennium: vitamins and oxidant stress in diabetes and its complications. Medscape General Med 2004; 6(S3): 4.
[97]
McCue P, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive potential of sprouted and solid-state bioprocessed soybean. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2005; 14(2): 145-52.
[PMID: 15927931]
[98]
Kobayashi K, Saito Y, Nakazawa I, Yoshizaki F. Screening of crude drugs for influence on amylase activity and postprandial blood glucose in mouse plasma. Biol Pharm Bull 2000; 23(10): 1250-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.23.1250] [PMID: 11041262]
[99]
Francis G, Kerem Z, Makkar HPS, Becker K. The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review. Br J Nutr 2002; 88(6): 587-605.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002725] [PMID: 12493081]
[100]
Watanabe J, Kawabata J, Kurihara H, Niki R. Isolation and identification of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from tochu-cha (Eucommia ulmoides). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997; 61(1): 177-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.177] [PMID: 9028049]
[101]
Jayaprakasam B, Vareed SK, Olson LK, Nair MG. Insulin secretion by bioactive anthocyanins and anthocyanidins present in fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53(1): 28-31.
[102]
Martineau LC, Couture A, Spoor D, et al. Anti-diabetic properties of the Canadian lowbush blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Phytomedicine 2006; 13(9-10): 612-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.08.005] [PMID: 16979328]
[103]
Young JF, Dragsted LO, Haraldsdóttir J, et al. Green tea extract only affects markers of oxidative status postprandially: lasting antioxidant effect of flavonoid-free diet. Br J Nutr 2002; 87(4): 343-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002523] [PMID: 12064344]
[104]
Kotsanopoulos KV, Arvanitoyannis IS. The role of auditing, food safety, and food quality standards in the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16(5): 760-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12293] [PMID: 33371608]
[105]
Kaushik D, Dureja H, Kumar V. Developments in nutraceuticals. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 35(6): 363.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
20
2
Wayfinder Image
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy