Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Aging Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1874-6098
ISSN (Online): 1874-6128

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Muscle Strength Seems to be Related to The Functional Status and Severity of Dementia in Older Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease

Author(s): Fatma Sena Dost, Neziha Erken, Mehmet Selman Ontan, Esra Ates Bulut, Derya Kaya, Suleyman Emre Kocyigit, Ozge Dokuzlar, Ali Ekrem Aydin and Ahmet Turan Isik*

Volume 16, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 16 September, 2022

Page: [75 - 83] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1573411018666220616114641

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to determine the possible interrelationships between sarcopenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Background: Sarcopenia and AD are two common geriatric syndromes; however, the relationship between AD and sarcopenia has not been evaluated in detail so far.

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the relationship between AD and sarcopenia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed retrospectively on 128 patients with probable AD, with a mean age of 76.56±7.54 years. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, including the activities of daily living (ADLs), malnutrition, frailty, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and orthostatic hypotension was performed. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised EWGSOP-2 criteria.

Results: The frequency of probable sarcopenia and definitive sarcopenia was 54.7% and 18.7%, respectively. AD patients with probable sarcopenia had lower MMSE and ADLs scores and were frailer. Clinical dementia rating (CDR) score, MMSE, and basic and instrumental ADLs were independently related to probable sarcopenia in the patients (p=0.003, p<0.001, p=0.001, and p=0.001, respectively). The prevalence of probable sarcopenia in those with CDR 2 was higher than in those with CDR 0.5 and 1 (p=0.002).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that probable sarcopenia seems to be related to worse MMSE and ADLs scores and frailty in patients with AD and seems to be related to the severity of AD. Considering adverse health outcomes and the burden of sarcopenia on the patients and their caregivers, optimal care and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with AD are of great importance.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, sarcopenia, low muscle strength, low muscle mass, frailty, older adults.

« Previous
[1]
Isik AT, Kocyigit SE, Kaya D. et al. The relationship between the most common subtypes of dementia and orthostatic hypotension in older adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 49(6): 628-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513978] [PMID: 33735870]
[2]
Ballard C, Gauthier S, Corbett A, Brayne C, Aarsland D, Jones E. Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 2011; 377(9770): 1019-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61349-9] [PMID: 21371747]
[3]
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J. et al. Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 2019; 48(1): 16-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169] [PMID: 30312372]
[4]
Ogawa Y, Kaneko Y, Sato T, Shimizu S, Kanetaka H, Hanyu H. Sarcopenia and muscle functions at various stages of Alzheimer disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9: 710.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00710] [PMID: 30210435]
[5]
Maggio M, Lauretani F, Ceda GP. Sex hormones and sarcopenia in older persons. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2012; 16(1): 1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835b6044] [PMID: 23222704]
[6]
Koyama A, O’Brien J, Weuve J, Blacker D, Metti AL, Yaffe K. The role of peripheral inflammatory markers in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68(4): 433-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls187] [PMID: 22982688]
[7]
Wallace LMK, Theou O, Godin J, Andrew MK, Bennett DA, Rockwood K. Investigation of frailty as a moderator of the relationship between neuropathology and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18(2): 177-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30371-5] [PMID: 30663607]
[8]
Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J. et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56(3): M146-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146] [PMID: 11253156]
[9]
McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H. et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the Na-tional Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7(3): 263-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005] [PMID: 21514250]
[10]
Idil E, Aydin AE, Ates Bulut E, Isik AT. Rationally decreasing the number of drugs seems to be a useful therapeutic approach in older adults: 6-month follow-up study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96: 104472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104472] [PMID: 34237523]
[11]
van Kan GA, Rolland YM, Morley JE, Vellas B. Frailty: Toward a clinical definition. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2008; 9(2): 71-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2007.11.005] [PMID: 18261696]
[12]
Aydin AE, Soysal P, Isik AT. Which is preferable for orthostatic hypotension diagnosis in older adults: Active standing test or head-up tilt table test? Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12: 207-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S129868] [PMID: 28182163]
[13]
Ates Bulut E, Soysal P, Dokuzlar O. et al. Validation of population-based cutoffs for low muscle mass and strength in a population of Turkish elderly adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32(9): 1749-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01448-4] [PMID: 31898170]
[14]
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Baumgartner RN, Ross R. Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Appl Physiol 2000; 89(2): 465-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.465] [PMID: 10926627]
[15]
Tognoni G, Ceravolo R, Nucciarone B. et al. From mild cognitive impairment to dementia: A prevalence study in a district of Tuscany, Italy. Acta Neurol Scand 2005; 112(2): 65-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00444.x] [PMID: 16008529]
[16]
Ates Bulut E, Soysal P, Isik AT. Frequency and coincidence of geriatric syndromes according to age groups: Single-center experience in Turkey between 2013 and 2017. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13: 1899-905.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S180281] [PMID: 30323576]
[17]
Du K, Goates S, Arensberg MB, Pereira S, Gaillard T. Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Vary with Race/Ethnicity and Advancing Age. Divers Equal Health Care 2018; 15(4): 175-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000173]
[18]
Dost FS, Ates Bulut E, Dokuzlar O. et al. Sarcopenia is as common in older patients with dementia with Lewy bodies as it is in those with Alzheimer’s disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22(5): 418-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14383] [PMID: 35373438]
[19]
Burns JM, Johnson DK, Watts A, Swerdlow RH, Brooks WM. Reduced lean mass in early Alzheimer disease and its association with brain atrophy. Arch Neurol 2010; 67(4): 428-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.38] [PMID: 20385908]
[20]
Kim M, Won CW. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment mainly due to slow gait speed: Results from the korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16(9): 1491.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091491] [PMID: 31035553]
[21]
Sugimoto T, Ono R, Murata S. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in elderly subjects with amnestic mild cognitive im-pairment or Alzheimer disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 13(6): 718-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666160211124828] [PMID: 26863996]
[22]
Moon Y, Moon WJ, Kim JO, Kwon KJ, Han SH. Muscle strength Is independently related to brain atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2019; 47(4-6): 306-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500718] [PMID: 31311027]
[23]
Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB. et al. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: The health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61(10): 1059-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059] [PMID: 17077199]
[24]
Kim YH, Kim KI, Paik NJ, Kim KW, Jang HC, Lim JY. Muscle strength: A better index of low physical performance than muscle mass in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16(5): 577-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12514] [PMID: 26017097]
[25]
Tolea MI, Morris JC, Galvin JE. Trajectory of mobility decline by type of dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2016; 30(1): 60-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000091] [PMID: 25886717]
[26]
Isik AT, Soysal P, Usarel C. Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on balance and gait functions and orthostatic hypotension in elderly patients with Alzheimer disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016; 31(7): 580-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317516666195] [PMID: 27585748]
[27]
Lee HN, Chang YS, Wu YH, Wu CH, Wang CJ. Sarcopenia in female patients with Alzheimer’s disease are more likely to have lower levels of haemoglobin and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20(6): 858-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12593] [PMID: 32767523]
[28]
Michaud M, Balardy L, Moulis G. et al. Proinflammatory cytokines, aging, and age-related diseases. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14(12): 877-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.009] [PMID: 23792036]
[29]
Menant JC, Weber F, Lo J. et al. Strength measures are better than muscle mass measures in predicting health-related outcomes in older people: Time to abandon the term sarcopenia? Osteoporos Int 2017; 28(1): 59-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3691-7] [PMID: 27394415]
[30]
Morley JE, Baumgartner RN, Roubenoff R, Mayer J, Nair KS. Sarcopenia. J Lab Clin Med 2001; 137(4): 231-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mlc.2001.113504] [PMID: 11283518]
[31]
Ontan MS, Dokuzlar O, Ates Bulut E, Soysal P, Isik AT. The relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia, according to EWGSOP-2 criteria, in outpatient elderly. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39(4): 684-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00774-021-01213-6] [PMID: 33821303]
[32]
Soysal P, Kocyigit SE, Dokuzlar O, Ates Bulut E, Smith L, Isik AT. Relationship between sarcopenia and orthostatic hypotension. Age Ageing 2020; 49(6): 959-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa077] [PMID: 32614946]
[33]
Isik AT, Erken N, Yavuz I. et al. Orthostatic hypotension in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Neurol Sci 2022; 43(2): 999-1006.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05450-5] [PMID: 34255194]
[34]
Isik AT, Kocyigit SE, Smith L, Aydin AE, Soysal P. A comparison of the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension between older patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, Lewy body dementia, and without dementia. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124: 110628.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.06.001] [PMID: 31173842]
[35]
Hébuterne X, Bermon S, Schneider SM. Ageing and muscle: The effects of malnutrition, re-nutrition, and physical exercise. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2001; 4(4): 295-300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075197-200107000-00009] [PMID: 11458024]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
48
2
1
Wayfinder Image
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy