Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection with extensive mortality and morbidity. The rise of TB-superbugs (drug-resistant strains) with the increase of their resistance to conventional antibiotics has prompted a further search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. It is difficult to breach the barriers around TB bacteria, including mycolic cell wall, granuloma, biofilm and mucus, by conventional antibiotics in a short span of time. Hence, there is an essential need for molecules with an unconventional mode of action and structure that can efficiently break the barriers around mycobacterium. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are essential components of innate immunity having cationic and amphipathic characteristics. Lines of evidence show that AMPs have good myco-bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against normal as well as antibiotic-resistant TB bacteria. These peptides have shown direct killing of bacteria by membrane lysis and indirect killing by activation of innate immune response in host cells by interacting with the component of the bacterial membrane and intracellular targets through diverse mechanisms. Despite a good anti-mycobacterial activity, some undesirable characteristics are also associated with AMP, including hemolysis, cytotoxicity, susceptibility to proteolysis and poor pharmacokinetic profile, and hence only a few clinical studies have been conducted with these biomolecules. The design of new combinatorial therapies, including AMPs and particulate drug delivery systems, could be new potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics to fight MDR- and XDRTB. This review outlined the array of AMP roles in TB therapy, possible mechanisms of actions, activities, and current advances in pragmatic strategies to improve challenges accompanying the delivery of AMP for tuberculosis therapeutics.
Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides, tuberculosis, pro-inflammatory, drug delivery, strategies, nanoparticles, microparticles.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Taming the Devil: Antimicrobial Peptides for Safer TB Therapeutics
Volume: 23 Issue: 10
Author(s): Krishna Jadhav, Raghuraj Singh, Eupa Ray, Amit Kumar Singh and Rahul Kumar Verma*
Affiliation:
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides, tuberculosis, pro-inflammatory, drug delivery, strategies, nanoparticles, microparticles.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection with extensive mortality and morbidity. The rise of TB-superbugs (drug-resistant strains) with the increase of their resistance to conventional antibiotics has prompted a further search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. It is difficult to breach the barriers around TB bacteria, including mycolic cell wall, granuloma, biofilm and mucus, by conventional antibiotics in a short span of time. Hence, there is an essential need for molecules with an unconventional mode of action and structure that can efficiently break the barriers around mycobacterium. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are essential components of innate immunity having cationic and amphipathic characteristics. Lines of evidence show that AMPs have good myco-bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against normal as well as antibiotic-resistant TB bacteria. These peptides have shown direct killing of bacteria by membrane lysis and indirect killing by activation of innate immune response in host cells by interacting with the component of the bacterial membrane and intracellular targets through diverse mechanisms. Despite a good anti-mycobacterial activity, some undesirable characteristics are also associated with AMP, including hemolysis, cytotoxicity, susceptibility to proteolysis and poor pharmacokinetic profile, and hence only a few clinical studies have been conducted with these biomolecules. The design of new combinatorial therapies, including AMPs and particulate drug delivery systems, could be new potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics to fight MDR- and XDRTB. This review outlined the array of AMP roles in TB therapy, possible mechanisms of actions, activities, and current advances in pragmatic strategies to improve challenges accompanying the delivery of AMP for tuberculosis therapeutics.
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Cite this article as:
Jadhav Krishna, Singh Raghuraj, Ray Eupa, Singh Kumar Amit and Verma Kumar Rahul*, Taming the Devil: Antimicrobial Peptides for Safer TB Therapeutics, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2022; 23 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203723666220526161109
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203723666220526161109 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
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