摘要
亨廷顿病 (HD) 是一种典型的神经退行性疾病,优先破坏纹状体和皮层的神经元。进行性运动功能障碍、精神障碍、行为障碍和认知能力下降是 HD 进展的临床症状。该疾病的发生是由于亨廷顿蛋白 (mHtt) 外显子 1 中的 CAG 重复序列扩大,导致其聚集。 HD 病理学涉及多种细胞和分子途径。线粒体作为重要的细胞器在大多数神经退行性疾病(如 HD)中具有重要作用。多年来,线粒体在神经元中的作用高度分化。它们不仅作为细胞动力源,而且作为动态细胞器,破碎然后融合以获得最大的生物能量学性能,调节细胞内钙稳态、活性氧 (ROS) 生成、抗氧化活性并参与细胞凋亡途径。事实上,观察到这些事件在 HD 中受到影响,导致症状前阶段的神经元功能障碍。 MHtt 通过改变主要共调节因子、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ 辅激活因子-1α (PGC-1α) 的表达导致严重的转录异常,导致对氧化应激和神经元变性的易感性增加。此外,mHtt 影响多个细胞信号事件,这些事件以线粒体生物发生结束。在这里,我们回顾了最近的发现,这些发现将线粒体作为 HD 中重要的调节细胞器,以及 mHtt 如何影响线粒体功能、运输和体内平衡并使神经元易于退化。此外,我们还通过即将进行或正在进行的临床试验揭示了基于线粒体的潜在靶点和治疗方法。
关键词: 亨廷顿病、线粒体、氧化应激、分子伴侣、活性氧、CAG。
Current Drug Targets
Title:Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Huntington’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities
Volume: 22 Issue: 14
关键词: 亨廷顿病、线粒体、氧化应激、分子伴侣、活性氧、CAG。
摘要: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a prototypical neurodegenerative disease, preferentially disrupting the neurons of the striatum and cortex. Progressive motor dysfunctions, psychiatric disturbances, behavioral impairments, and cognitive decline are the clinical symptoms of HD progression. The disease occurs due to expanded CAG repeats in exon 1 of huntingtin protein (mHtt), causing its aggregation. Multiple cellular and molecular pathways are involved in HD pathology. Mitochondria, as vital organelles have an important role in most neurodegenerative diseases like HD. Over the years, the role of mitochondria in neurons has highly diverged; they not only contribute as a cell power source, but also as dynamic organelles that fragment and then fuse to attain a maximal bioenergetics performance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant activity and involved in apoptotic pathways. Indeed, these events are observed to be affected in HD, resulting in neuronal dysfunction in pre-symptomatic stages. MHtt causes critical transcriptional abnormality by altering the expression of a master co-regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), leading to increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. Moreover, mHtt influences multiple cellular signaling events, which end with mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we resume recent findings that pose mitochondria as an important regulatory organelle in HD and how mHtt affects mitochondrial function, trafficking and homeostasis and makes neurons prone to degeneration. Besides, we also uncover the mitochondrial-based potential targets and therapeutic approaches with imminent or currently ongoing clinical trials.
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Cite this article as:
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Huntington’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities, Current Drug Targets 2021; 22 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450122666210224105945
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450122666210224105945 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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