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摘要
Δ9-四氢大麻酚(δ9-THC)是大麻中的活性植物大麻素,实际上是内源性大麻素信号系统的辅助物。通过与G蛋白偶联受体CB1和CB2相互作用,Δ9-THC通过降低交感神经活性、改变基因表达、细胞增殖和分化、减少白细胞迁移、调节神经递质释放来影响外周和中枢循环,从而调节心血管功能、肿瘤发生、免疫反应、行为和运动活性。Δ9-THC有效抑制化疗诱导的呕吐,延缓恶性肿瘤生长,抑制转移,促进细胞凋亡。其他涉及的机制是靶向人乳腺癌G2-M期细胞周期,下调人多形性胶质母细胞瘤E2F转录因子1 (E2F1),刺激ER应激诱导的自噬。Δ9-四氢大麻酚还在改善神经炎症、兴奋性毒性、神经可塑性、创伤和中风方面发挥作用,并与缓解儿童癫痫、脑外伤和神经退行性疾病有关。Δ9-THC通过CB1受体影响伤害感受、情绪、记忆,并降低癫痫患者的神经元兴奋性和兴奋毒性。它还增加肾血流量,通过交感神经途径降低眼压,并调节激素释放,从而降低生殖功能并增加葡萄糖代谢。多功能医用大麻刺激了大量研究,证明了实质性的治疗前景,表明了一流药物在不同治疗领域的可能性。本文综述了植物大麻素Δ9-四氢大麻酚及其合成类似物在癌症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病中的药理学现状。
关键词: Δ9-四氢大麻酚,四氢大麻酚,癫痫,动脉粥样硬化,神经炎症,神经退行性疾病
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