Abstract
Five programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the upper urinary tract. Following the FDA and EMA restrictions of first-line treatment with Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab in platinum-ineligible patients, immunohistochemical PD-L1 testing is now required. Several emerging issues on antibodies, test platforms and scoring algorithms have raised concerns about the comparability and interchangeability between these assays. In this review, we have focused on the interchangeability of the used algorithms and assays for PD-L1 testing in urothelial carcinoma, on the predictive reliability of PD-L1 testing in urothelial carcinoma and the potential of other new and upcoming biomarkers.
Keywords: PD-L1, immunohistochemistry, urothelial carcinoma, biomarker, interchangeability, immunotherapy.
Current Drug Targets
Title:PD-L1 Testing for Urothelial Carcinoma: Interchangeability, Reliability and Future Perspectives
Volume: 22 Issue: 2
Author(s): Thomas Gevaert*, Alessia Cimadamore, Rodolfo Montironi and Markus Eckstein
Affiliation:
- Department of Urology, UZ Leuven, Leuven,Belgium
Keywords: PD-L1, immunohistochemistry, urothelial carcinoma, biomarker, interchangeability, immunotherapy.
Abstract: Five programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the upper urinary tract. Following the FDA and EMA restrictions of first-line treatment with Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab in platinum-ineligible patients, immunohistochemical PD-L1 testing is now required. Several emerging issues on antibodies, test platforms and scoring algorithms have raised concerns about the comparability and interchangeability between these assays. In this review, we have focused on the interchangeability of the used algorithms and assays for PD-L1 testing in urothelial carcinoma, on the predictive reliability of PD-L1 testing in urothelial carcinoma and the potential of other new and upcoming biomarkers.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gevaert Thomas *, Cimadamore Alessia , Montironi Rodolfo and Eckstein Markus , PD-L1 Testing for Urothelial Carcinoma: Interchangeability, Reliability and Future Perspectives, Current Drug Targets 2021; 22 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200510015216
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200510015216 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Drug-Targeted Approach with Polymer Nanocomposites for Improved Therapeutics
Polymer nanocomposites have been recognized as an advanced and cutting-edge technique in drug targeting administration. These materials combine the unique features of nanoparticles with the adaptability of polymers to produce highly personalized drug administration devices. Integrating nanoparticles containing pharmaceuticals into a polymer matrix enables researchers to regulate the rates at ...read more
RNA Molecules in the Treatment of Human Diseases
Messenger and non-coding RNAs, including long and small transcripts, are mediators of gene expression. Gene expression at the RNA level shows significant aberrations in human diseases, including cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Human transcripts serve either as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response and/or therapy ...read more
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
In Silico Studies Revealed Multiple Neurological Targets for the Antidepressant Molecule Ursolic Acid
Current Neuropharmacology Midkine: A Promising Molecule for Drug Development to Treat Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Transmembrane Phosphatases and Cancer Development, the Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-kappa (PTPκ) and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-mu (PTPμ)
Current Signal Transduction Therapy The Dual Functions of Non-Coding RNA CRNDE in Different Tumors
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Hypericin Lights Up the Way for the Potential Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Cancer by Photodynamic Therapy
Current Clinical Pharmacology Single-photon Emission CT Combined with Spiral CT for Early Detection and Localization of Bone Metastasis: A Review
Current Medical Imaging Diabetes and Its Complications: Therapies Available, Anticipated and Aspired
Current Diabetes Reviews Angiotensin Peptides and Lung Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Cancer Stem Cells and Combination Therapies to Eradicate Them
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Up-date of Olive Oil Phenols in Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of ING Tumor Suppressors in UV Stress Response and Melanoma Progression
Current Drug Targets The Role of CYPs and Transporters in the Biotransformation and Transport of the Anti-hepatitis C Antiviral Agents Asunaprevir, Daclatasvir, and Beclabuvir: Impact of Liver Disease, Race and Drug-drug Interactions on Safety and Efficacy
Current Drug Metabolism Image Processing Pitfalls in Vendor Adaptive Radiotherapy Software with Tomotherapy-like Systems: Feedback from Clinical Case Reports
Current Medical Imaging Relevance of the Deletion Polymorphisms of the Glutathione S-Transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1 in Pharmacology and Toxicology
Current Drug Metabolism Mouse Mutants of Relaxin, Insulin-Like 3 Peptide and their Receptors
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents TRPV1 Function in Health and Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Application of Nanomaterials in Water Treatment: Arsenic and Natural Organic Matter Removal
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology Analgesic Effects and Assays of Controlled-Release Tramadol and O-Desmethyltramadol in Cancer Patients with Pain
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Evolution of Ipsilateral Head and Neck Radiotherapy
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Cellular Senescence in the Development and Treatment of Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design