<![CDATA[Current Indian Science (Volume 2 - Issue 1)]]> https://benthamscience.com/journal/213 RSS Feed for Journals | BenthamScience EurekaSelect (+https://benthamscience.com) 2024-03-07 <![CDATA[Current Indian Science (Volume 2 - Issue 1)]]> https://benthamscience.com/journal/213 <![CDATA[Effect of Surfactant Concentration on Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Eugenol Nanoemulsions]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1354792024-03-07Introduction: Nanoencapsulation has gained popularity in recent decades due to its numerous benefits, such as improved stability, oxidation resistance, retention of volatile ingredients, controlled release, delivery of multiple active ingredients in a row, improvement in organoleptic properties, reduction of toxic side effects, and water solubility.

Methods: The present study was aimed to prepare eugenol nanoemulsions (EuNEs) using non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) by ultrasound-assisted techniques and to evaluate the effects of surfactant concentration on their droplets size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, storage stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared nanoemulsions was tested against Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria using well diffusion method.

Results: The results showed that the droplet size decreased after a threshold Tween 80 concentration (10%), while PDI value increased with the increase in surfactant concentration (Tween 80).

Conclusion: The prepared EuNEs exhibited good antibacterial activity against all the four bacterial strains: E. coli, A. faecalis, S. aureus, and B. subtilis.

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<![CDATA[Current Regulatory Framework and Challenges for the Approval of Complex Generics in the US and the EU]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1365892024-03-07The pharmaceutical industry is witnessing a growing demand for complex generic products, which are generic versions of drugs that possess complex formulations, delivery systems, or active ingredients. However, the approval process for these complex generic products poses unique challenges compared to traditional generics. There is no specific regulatory procedure available for the approval of complex generics, unlike smallmolecule generics and biosimilars. This led to controversial arguments in the past about the scientific evidence needed for applications, which led to lengthy approval processes. The regulatory frameworks that are currently being used for complex generics are debatable and unclear. Complexity in the molecular structure, mechanism of action, route of delivery, and complex manufacturing process makes proving bioequivalence and pharmaceutical equivalence difficult. There is a need for harmonization of the regulatory framework by the agencies to help the generic manufacturers by providing scientific advice, defining the submission requirements for complex products, and fastening the approval process.

This review begins by discussing the regulatory landscape surrounding complex generic products in various regions, including the United States and Europe. It examines the specific guidelines and requirements set forth by regulatory authorities to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of these products. Additionally, the review explores the differences in terminology and definitions used to classify complex generics across different jurisdictions. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges faced by both regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies in evaluating and approving complex generic products. These challenges include establishing appropriate bioequivalence criteria, determining interchangeability with the reference product, addressing patent and exclusivity issues, and ensuring consistent quality throughout the product lifecycle. The impact of these challenges on market entry and competition is also discussed. The review highlights the need for harmonization and streamlining of regulations for complex generic products worldwide. It emphasizes the importance of clear and consistent guidelines to enable timely approvals, foster innovation, and facilitate patient access to affordable alternatives.

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<![CDATA[A Comprehensive Review of <i>Abroma Augusta</i> (Devil's Cotton): Phytochemical Constituents, Ethnomedicinal Applications, and Pharmacological Properties]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1365962024-03-07Abroma augusta stands out as one such medicinal plant that has a rich history of use in traditional medicine. It has been employed to address a wide spectrum of health issues, including diabetes, menstrual irregularities, respiratory problems, musculoskeletal disorders, urinary ailments, and sexual dysfunctions, among others. While various parts of this plant species are believed to possess pharmacological properties, the active compounds and underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To facilitate the development of innovative drugs for the benefit of individuals, this study places significant emphasis on delving into the phytochemical and ethnomedicinal attributes of A. augusta. Moreover, it seeks to bolster its findings with scientifically validated pharmacological investigations conducted through both in vivo and in vitro methodologies.]]> <![CDATA[Cost-effectiveness of Dementia Medication]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1365982024-03-07Aim: This review has examined and organized the available research on dementia medication care costs. Although the accessible database in this area is growing and is still quite limited, there are many clear scientific methods.

Objective: The use of Memantine, a non-competitive antagonist with low to moderate affinity for the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor, has been approved for the treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). The efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) in the treatment of dementia varies depending on the drug type and ease of administration. Numerous techniques have been employed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of individuals suffering from dementia. QOL data is a well-established measure of an intervention's effectiveness. Up to now, cost-effectiveness studies have concentrated on both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological therapy. Each unit of QoL-AD improvement costs USD27.82578 at mean values.

Methods: Searches were conducted to observe studies of the pharmacoeconomic impact of dementia medications with the help of previous articles published in journals and collected from Google Scholar with name search dementia or Alzheimer's cross-referenced with pharmacoeconomic or costs and effectiveness.

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<![CDATA[A Review on Psoriasis Pathophysiology, Clinical Appearance, and Pharmacotherapeutic Interventions]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366002024-03-07 <![CDATA[Some Versatile Medicinal Plants for Healing Wounds: A Review]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366012024-03-07Allium sativum, Commiphora myrrha, Curcuma longa (L.), Rauwolfia serpentia, and Vateria indica, have demonstrated the ability to treat wounds.]]> <![CDATA[A Review on the Neuroanatomy of Bee Brain and Social Behavior]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366562024-03-07 <![CDATA[New Drug for Management of Severe Uncontrolled Asthma: Tezepelumab]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366572024-03-07 <![CDATA[Moisture Determination in CO<sub>2</sub> Gas Cylinders for Application in Annulus Gas Monitoring Systems of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs)]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366682024-03-07Background: Critical monitoring of moisture content in annulus gas is required due to its detrimental effect on the pressure tube, leading to surface corrosion and finally the rupture of the pressure tube.

Methods and Results: The present work describes a simple and reliable thermo-analytical method for the quantitative determination of moisture in CO2 gas cylinders, using anhydrous barium chloride as the novel adsorbent material and simultaneous. Thermogravimetry - Differential Thermal Analysis - Evolved Gas Analysis (Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy) [TG-DTA-EGA(FTIR)] as determination techniques.

Conclusion: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) coupled with Microscopy has been used to see the surface morphological variations during the heat treatment. The results of these studies are being discussed here.

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<![CDATA[An Exhaustive Review on Recent Trends in Analytical Methods: Development Strategies and Recent Applications]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366692024-03-07 <![CDATA[“2D, 3D QSAR and Pharmacophore Identification of Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines as Cholesterol inhibitors”]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366702024-03-07Introduction: The present study reveals the 2D, 3D-QSAR analysis of Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine to expressed the biological activity against Cholesterol, structurally different ligands can fit to common receptor site and safety consideration of the said chemical entities are good describe by Pharmacophore models.

Methods: The organic exercises of the atoms were changed over into log IC50. The measurably significant of 2D-QSAR and 3D QSAR models are r2 = 0 .9762, q2 = 0.9379 and internal (q2 = 0.8837) and external (predictive r2 = 0.9162) respectively.

Results: 2D QSAR studies revealed that Positive coefficient value of Quadrupole2 and Negative coefficient value of T_2_Cl_7 descriptors were major contributing descriptor. The 3D QSAR models indicates that steric and electrostatic effects primarily find out the binding affinities.

Conclusion: The best model obtained from the QSAR analysis, some newer compounds of same series were developed having the good activity than the earlier compounds have been reported.

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<![CDATA[Digitalis Purpurea: Hope for Myocardial Infarction Induced by Obesity - A Review]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366712024-03-07 <![CDATA[Nano Lipid Carriers: A Novel Approach for Nose to Brain Drug Delivery]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366722024-03-07Background: A nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is a nanoparticulate carrier system consisting of solid lipids, liquid lipids, surfactants, and water. NLCs are second-generation lipid nanocarriers, gained continuous significance in recent times, and possess better physical stability, increased drug loading, improved permeability, and bioavailability. They are considered superior to many other traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsion, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and have emerged as an alternative to first-generation nanoparticles (SLN). NLCs have significant potential in the pharmaceutical industry due to their extensive beneficial effects, like drug targeting, enhanced bioavailability, and their wide positive benefits.

Objective: The primary aim of this review was to study and explore the Nano lipid carrier, its advantages, patent preferences, and advancement of NLCs use in nose-to-brain drug delivery.

Methods: The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review on the development of NLC for nose-to-brain drug delivery. The review focused on NLC, its significant role in nose-to-brain delivery, and relevant patents. To achieve this goal, different review articles searched, were studied, and summarized from various sources such as research articles, review articles, books, scientific reports, and patents.

Conclusion: This review article discusses the potential benefits of NLCs in brain-targeting drug delivery through the intranasal route and key aspects of NLCs, including their structure composition, formulation technique, and characterization, which are crucial for developing a reliable drug delivery.

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<![CDATA[To Shed Light on the Association between Poor Ergophthalmologic Practices and Computer Vision Syndrome]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366732024-03-07Background: Computers play a vital role in people's lives because of their great precision, speed, and accuracy, as well as their ability to provide timely updates. A cascade of ocular and extraocular symptoms in computers or electronics leads to Computer Vision Syndrome. Ergonomics is the science of fitting job demands and workplace environments to the capabilities of the population. The use of a computer increases the risk of musculoskeletal issues, particularly in the upper extremities.

Methodology: The following research article elaborates on the surveys that were carried out in Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University Mullana, with 701 participants. Data were collected using the computer vision syndrome questionnaire and the ergonomics questionnaire for a duration of 6 months.

Results: The most prevalent symptom of CVS occasionally was found to be a headache (503 participants=71.7%), followed by eye heaviness and eye pain (483 participants=68.9%), burning sensation, itching and tearing (414 participants=59%), red eyes (361 participants=51.4%), foreign bodies (319 participants=45.5%), dryness (281 participants=40%), blurred and double vision (266 participants=37.9%), increased sensitivity to light and colored halos (249 participants=35.5%), and difficulty focusing (299 participants=42.6%).

Conclusion: All symptoms of CVS suffered by the participants were on an occasional basis, constituting the majority and the most common CVS symptom as headache. In assessing the ergonomics, all participants experienced pain at least in one extremity and the majority of participants had their back bent while working with electronics.

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<![CDATA[New Record of Two Medicinal Plants, <i>Exallage Auricularia and Gomphostemma Ovatum</i>, from Ultapani Reserve Forest, Northeast India]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1366862024-03-07Aim: This report discusses two medicinal plants, namely Exallage auricularia (L.) Bremek from Rubiaceae family and Gomphostemma ovatum Wall from Lamiaceae family from Ultapani Reserve Forest of Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) of Assam, India, are recorded, described, and identified based on their morphological characters, taxonomical notes, phenology, and field photos along with map of distribution.

Methods: The local Bodo-tribe of Assam used leaf paste of E. auricularia to cure jaundice and piles and G. ovatum for treatment of different ailments like flu, cough, cold, skin irritations, symptoms of indigestion, jaundice, etc.

Results: Inflorescence - verticillaster inflorescence in leaf axil, 3 to many flowers, 2 to 5 cm long. Flowers are born in opposite cymes, subtended by bracts, easily indistinguishable from leaves, and the arrangement of flowers is congested or lax. Bracts - leaf-like small cluster, subtending cyme, involucral bracts, stellate hairs, large bracteoles exceeding the calyx.

Conclusion: G. ovatum is a perennial plant that can grow up to around 1.5 m tall and has tuber-like roots with infrequent node-level rooting.

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<![CDATA[Mechanistic Insight of Innovative Biomarkers for Screening of Type II Diabetes Mellitus]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1365992024-03-07 <![CDATA[Extensive Computational Studies for the Identification of Potential Therapeutic Candidates Against Breast Cancer]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1380362024-03-07Introduction: Breast cancer holds the distinction of being the most frequent type of cancer among women when compared to other forms of cancer. Estrogen Receptors (ER) are intracellular transcription factors that are essential for a variety of biological functions that are regulated by estrogen in the body. With its ability to modulate gene expression, Estrogen Receptors exert significant influence over cell growth, development, reproduction, and other important biological functions. Estrogen Receptors are overexpressed in breast cancer events; dysregulation of estrogen signaling pathways caused by this overexpression results in aberrant cell growth and proliferation, which make them the hallmarks of breast cancer.

Methods: A thorough study of different molecular structures and properties was done using extensive computational analyses and simulations in order to identify compounds with the potential to inhibit ER activity. Diverse chemical libraries were subjected to docking against the target ER-α, and molecules with docking scores less than -8.00 kcal/mol were retained.

Results: Further, these virtual hits were evaluated using 3D-QSAR models for predicting activity. ADME/Tox screening was performed to retain compounds with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles. Six compounds with excellent binding potential predicted biological activity and favorable ADME/Tox profiles were chosen. Prolonged molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess structural stability over time.

Conclusion: The computational study on breast cancer on the target ER has yielded significant progress with the identification of six promising compounds that can be further evaluated through experimental validations.

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<![CDATA[Materiovigilance as a Health Care Safety in India: A Regulatory Prospective]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1387902024-03-07Over the past few centuries, life-saving tools have been extensively used across the globe. The use of medical devices has increased adverse events associated with them. Materiovigilance is the process of identifying, collecting, reporting, and examining unfavorable events connected to medical devices in order to prevent the recurrence of such occurrences. Several countries keep an eye on medical products once they are commercialized. Other nations with similar programs include France, Australia, and the United Kingdom, in addition to the Medical Device Reporting (MDR) programme in the United States. This article addressed how some types of medical equipment might be dangerous and how a Materiovigilance programme is essential.

This page provides information about how to report adverse reactions to these medical devices, as well as what they are.

In many countries, post-marketing surveillance for medications has been initiated but is not as reliable and advanced as it is today. By monitoring adverse events related to medical devices, generating safety data, educating stakeholders, and recommending appropriate procedures and interventions, the Indian Pharmacopeia Commission established the committee on July 6, 2015.

Monitoring adverse events related to medical device usage can increase patient safety. On the basis of safety data gathered and generated, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) will make recommendations about the safe use of medical devices in the Indian population.]]> <![CDATA[Computational Molecular Docking and <i>In-Silico</i>, ADMET Prediction Studies of Quinoline Derivatives as EPHB4 Inhibitor]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1389932024-03-07Background: The creation and development of novel chemical entities is made possible by numerous computer-aided drug design techniques. The ability to visualize the ligand-target interaction and forecast the important holding pocket locations and affinities of ligands to their intended macromolecules is made possible by pharmacophore-based drug design and understanding in-silico methodologies.

Objective: The aim of the current investigation was to find novel 2-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives that target the Ephrin B4 (EPHB4) receptor to treat cancer.

Materials and Methods: Chem Axon Marvin Sketch 5.11.5 was used to create derivatives of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamide. The physicochemical characteristics of compounds as well as their toxicity were predicted using SwissADME& the admet SAR online software’s. Molecular docking technology was used to examine the ligand-receptor interactions of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives with the target receptor (PDB- 6FNM) using a variety of software’s, including Autodock1.1.2,Procheck, ProtParam tool, Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer v20.1.0.19295, MGL Tools 1.5.6, PyMOL, and were all included.

Results: All developed compounds were determined to be orally bioavailable, less toxic, and have acceptable pharmacokinetic properties according to in silico studies. In comparison to the traditional medication Erdafitnib, all new compounds displayed higher docking scores.

Conclusion: The increase in binding energy and the number of H-bonds created by novel derivatives with interactions at distances below 3.40A provide a helpful starting point for formulating and synthesizing compounds that are most suitable for additional research. The application of the 2- chloroquinoline-3-carboxamide moiety as a potential new cancer treatment candidate is supported by its pharmacokinetics &toxicological profile, which may aid medicinal chemists in conducting more in-depth in vitro, in vivo chemical and pharmacological studies.

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