<![CDATA[Current Microwave Chemistry (Volume 10 - Issue 2)]]> https://benthamscience.com/journal/144 RSS Feed for Journals | BenthamScience EurekaSelect (+https://benthamscience.com) 2023-12-30 <![CDATA[Current Microwave Chemistry (Volume 10 - Issue 2)]]> https://benthamscience.com/journal/144 <![CDATA[Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1368242023-12-30 <![CDATA[Synthesis of Biginelli Compounds using Microwave-Assisted Methods]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1363212023-12-30 <![CDATA[Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Bioactive Six-membered O-heterocycles]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1364582023-12-30 <![CDATA[Microwave-activated Synthetic Route to Various Biologically Important Heterocycles Involving Transition Metal Catalysts]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1364602023-12-30 <![CDATA[Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Six-Membered N-Heterocycles]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1362462023-12-30 <![CDATA[Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles and their Anti-cancer Activities]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1351932023-12-30 <![CDATA[Microwave-Assisted Solid Phase Synthesis of Different Peptide Bonds: Recent Advancements]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1357662023-12-30 <![CDATA[Infusion of Magnetic Nanocatalyst to Microwave Propped Synthesis of Bioactive Azaheterocycles]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1364872023-12-30 <![CDATA[Our Contribution to Microwave-Assisted Conversions of Bioactive Compounds]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1324392023-12-30 <![CDATA[Microwave Facilitated Discovery of Substituted 1,2,4-triazaspiro[4.5] dec-2-en-3-amines: Biological and Computational Investigations]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1337942023-12-30Background: Tuberculosis is an effectual infectious disease caused by the spread of tubercular bacteria within the lungs via droplets of coughs and sneezes. In 2021, 1.6 million people died due totuberculosis, which is the 13th leading killer disease and 2nd leading after COVID-19 infectious disease.

Objective: Many drugs are available as antitubercular drug, but still, requires more efficacious drug molecules with lower toxicity, side effects and small-sized molecules. To fulfill said prospective, computational study such as molecular docking and ADMET studies guides towards an ideal drug molecule with small -sized, unique spiro structures.

Methods: Conventional and microwave-initiated Reaction of cyclohexanone, hydrazine carbothioamide, and 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine affords compound 1, which is subjected to the Schiff base reaction with diverse aldehydes. All structures are defined using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The entire series is exposed to in vitro antibacterial and antitubercular and in silico molecular docking and ADMET studies.

Results: Compounds 2c and 2b have been established to be potential antibacterial agents, whereas compounds 2d, 2e, 2j, 2k and 2l are extremely effective against tubercular strains. Furthermore, molecular docking of related molecules is performed, and compounds 2d, 2e, 2j, 2k, and 2l have higher affinities toward antitubercular proteins. ADMET parameters such as water solubility, SA score, PCaco2 value, and TPSA values are satisfactory.

Conclusion: The microwave method has been proven to be a greener method as compared to the conventional heating method. Comparative results of in vitro analysis are obtained with referenced antibacterial drugs and antitubercular drugs. In silico observations supports their in vitro assessments. Appraisal obtained from the ADMET study leads to the formation of ideal drug molecules.

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<![CDATA[Conventional Versus Microwave Induced Synthesis and Biological Evolution of Coumarin Substituted Thioaryl Pyrazolyl Pyrazoline]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1363152023-12-30Aim: This is a comparative study of some new coumarin substituted thioaryl pyrazolyl pyrazoline.

Methods: The target compounds were synthesized using both conventional as well as microwave irradiation by reaction of coumarin chalcones with different substituted hydrazine hydrates and aryl hydrazines to give the resultant pyrazoline derivatives. Microwave reaction, enhanced organic reactions, and reduced reaction time led to better yields and selectivity than conventional methods.

Results: The obtained compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic analysis including IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental-analysis and evaluated for their antimicrobial screening against a representative panel of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans).

Conclusion: In the present study, we have synthesized coumarin pyrazoline derivatives clubbed with benzofuran pyrazole via both conventional and microwave irradiation and also subjected to antibacterial and antifungal studies. Synthesis of target compounds by the microwave irradiation enhanced reaction rate and reduced reaction time led to better yields and selectivity than conventional methods. The study of antibacterial and antifungal activities revealed that all the compounds exhibited reasonable to excellent activities against the pathogenic strains.

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<![CDATA[One-step Synthesis of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Dissolution of Kraft Lignin]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1365852023-12-30Lignin is a very abundant biopolymer with great potential to produce other high-value polymers with aromatic groups. Its valorization has been limited principally by its poor solubility in conventional organic solvents, which makes it difficult to deconstruct or transform it into other products with higher added value. In this work, we describe a one-pot procedure to prepare various Deep Eutectic Solvents and study their ability to dissolve Kraft lignin with the aid of microwave dielectric heating efficiently.

Background: Lignin is a widely available aromatic biopolymer that is largely discarded or used as a low-value fuel when separated in paper production processes, so researchers are engaged in the development of lignin dissolution processes that allow its easy deconstruction and transformation into other products with higher added value.

Objective: The main objective of this work is to find deep eutectic solvents capable of dissolving significant quantities of lignin with the aid of microwaves as a heating source.

Method: The present work developed a simple, fast, and efficient method to dissolve lignin using Deep Eutectic Solvent/acetonitrile as solvents and irradiation by dielectric microwave heating.

Results: Most of the DESs studied achieved significant dissolution of purchased lignin with common organic solvents by employing microwave irradiation as the heating method.

Conclusion: Some DESs studied in this work are good alternatives as solvents for lignin solvent option of simple preparation from renewable precursors from biomass, such as glycerol, choline chloride, and urea, of low toxicity and cost for this application. The effectiveness of these systems appears to be based on molecular recognition by hydrogen bonding interactions involving the three species that make up the eutectic and the hydroxyl groups of the lignin. These solvents can be recovered and recycled.

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<![CDATA[Ultrasonic Study of Novel Polymer Dextran in Aqueous Media at 12 MHz]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1335142023-12-30Background: The characteristics of matter and the dynamics of molecular processes are examined by acoustic approaches. The primary techniques in molecular acoustics are the measurement of sound speed and sound absorption, as well as the relationship between these quantities and different physical variables including pressure, temperature, and wave frequency. Molecular acoustics emerged as a separate field in the 1930s. When it was discovered that many substances disperse the speed of sound during the transmission of sound waves through them and that the classical law, which states that the coefficient of absorption is proportional to the square of the frequency, however, it does not adequately describe how sound is absorbed.

Objective: The ultrasonic technique is employed because it is one of the most popular techniques, which is very easy to use, and provides precise velocity results. With careful analysis of the results, the correlation between solute and solvent was discovered. In the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and cosmetics industries, dextran and its derivatives from a few select strains have found a wide range of uses. This is why we have chosen it for our study. For assessing the impact of temperature and concentration on the aqueous medium containing the polymer dextran, ultrasonic properties are crucial. Pycnometer, Ostwald viscometer, and ultrasonic interferometer were used respectively to measure density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic speed (u) at \"303 K, 308 K, 313 K, 318 K, and 323 K.\" The experimental parameters are used to determine the acoustic parameters \"adiabatic compressibility, Intermolecular free length, relaxation time, acoustic impedance, and Gibb's free energy\".

Methods: To measure the density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity of the solution using a pycnometer, an Ostwald's viscometer, and an ultrasonic interferometer, and to calculate the thermo acoustical parameters based on the measured parameters.

Results: Applications for examining the physico-chemical behaviour of aqueous dextran using ultrasound include understanding the nature of molecular interactions.

Conclusion: It was investigated how concentration and temperature affected the thermoacoustic characteristics of aqueous dextran. Hydrogen bonds, charge transfer complexes, and the dissolution of hydrogen bonds and complexes are only a few examples of the forces that exist between molecules and how the analysis has interpreted their nature. Weak intermolecular forces exist.

Other: Recent developments in ultrasonic techniques have made them an effective tool for evaluating information regarding the physical and chemical behaviour of liquid molecules.

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<![CDATA[Acknowledgements to Reviewers]]>https://benthamscience.com/article/1368252023-12-30