<![CDATA[Amblyopia]]> https://benthamscience.com RSS Feed for Disease Wise Article | BenthamScience EurekaSelect (+http://eurekaselect.com) Fri, 29 Mar 2024 06:35:04 +0000 <![CDATA[Amblyopia]]> https://benthamscience.com https://benthamscience.com <![CDATA[Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Novel Views and Persisting Challenges]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/84962

Conclusion: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of literature regarding the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics and possible treatment options and drug targets, as well as presenting challenges related to the disease and proposing a diagnostic algorithm based on current clinical experience.]]> <![CDATA[Therapeutic, Molecular and Computational Aspects of Novel Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/82232

Aim: Most of the existing MAO inhibitors lead to side effects due to the lack of affinity and selectivity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design novel, potent, reversible and selective inhibitors for MAO-A/B. Selective inhibition of MAO-A results in the elevated level of serotonin and noradrenaline. Hence, MAO-A inhibitors can be used for improving the symptoms of depression. The selective MAO-B inhibitors are used with L-DOPA and/or dopamine agonists in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. The present study was aimed to describe the recently developed hits of MAO inhibitors.

Method: At present, CADD techniques are gaining an attention in rationale drug discovery of MAO inhibitors, and several research groups employed CADD approaches on various chemical scaffolds to identify novel MAO inhibitors. These computational techniques assisted in the development of lead molecules with improved pharmacodynamics / pharmacokinetic properties toward MAOs. Further, CADD techniques provided a better understanding of structural aspects of molecular targets and lead molecules.

Conclusions: The present review describes the importance of structural features of potential chemical scaffolds as well as the role of computational approaches like ligand docking, molecular dynamics, QSAR and pharmacophore modeling in the development of novel MAO inhibitors.]]> <![CDATA[The Fall in Older Adults: Physical and Cognitive Problems]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/76922

Method: This article reviews the various causes of imbalance and dizziness in the elderly, and considers how to prevent falls, and how to rehabilitate a faller subject in order to regain a good quality of life. Two effective ways of intervention are discussed, emphasizing the crucial role of physical activity and cognitive stimulation, classic or using the latest technical advances in virtual reality and video games.

Results: Fall in the elderly result from aging mechanisms acting on both the sensorimotor and cognitive spheres. The structural and functional integrity of the peripheral sensory receptors and the musculoskeletal system deteriorate with age. The brain ages and the executive functions, memory, learning, cortical processing of information, sharing of attentional resources and concentration, are modified in the elderly. Psychological affective factors such as depression, anxiety and stress contribute also to speed up the sensorimotor and cognitive decline. The rehabilitation of the postural balance in the elderly must take into account all of these components.

Conclusion: The aging of the population and the increased of lifespan are a challenge for our modern societies regarding the major health and socio-economic questions they raise. The fall in the elderly being one of the dramatic consequences of the aging equilibration function, it is therefore imperative to develop rehabilitation procedures of balance.]]>
<![CDATA[Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part I. Anterior Eye Segment Pathologies]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/80017

Aim: The analysis of the influence of tobacco smoking on pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in adults and children.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, was published during the period 2000-2016.

Results: In adults, tobacco smoking is associated with hyperopia, delayed corneal epithelial healing and progression of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy. Smoking is a strong risk factor for age-related nuclear cataract. However, smoking is not associated with pterygium, and its influence on dry eye symptoms, central corneal thickness and progression of primary open glaucoma remains controversial. Smoking during pregnancy increases risk of convergent or divergent strabismus or poor stereo acuity, however, its influence on anophtalmia, microphtalmia, amblyopia and hyperopic refractive error is controversial.

Conclusion: Tobacco smoking plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases of anterior eye segment leading to visual impairment in adults and children.

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<![CDATA[Development of a Registry for Down Syndrome in the Gulf Area of the Middle East]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/79668 <![CDATA[Non-Antidepressant Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/49900

Methods: The purpose of this review is to discuss all non-antidepressant treatments studied in GAD. We searched MedLine for English articles published between 1980 and 2012, containing the following keywords: “generalized (or generalised) anxiety disorder” OR “anxiety disorder”, AND “drug therapy” OR “herbal medicine”. 76 articles were finally selected.

Results: Pregabalin is the anticonvulsant with the most robust level of evidence in GAD. It rapidly reduces anxiety, has a safe side effect profile and presents a low potential for abuse. Among antipsychotics, quetiapine is the one of choice in GAD, with similar efficacy to SSRIs in low dosages, yet with lower overall tolerability. Benzodiazepines, buspirone and hydroxyzine are Food and Drugs administration (FDA) approved for GAD and have relatively good evidence of efficacy. Other drugs (betablockers, zolpidem, riluzole, etc.) and natural remedies (e.g. Piper methysticum) could be potential treatment options, yet additional research is warranted.

Conclusion: Pregabalin and quetiapine are the two most promising non-antidepressant treatments for GAD.

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<![CDATA[Genetic Basis of Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathies]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/62721 <![CDATA[Signaling with Homeoprotein Transcription Factors in Development and Throughout Adulthood]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/56357 <![CDATA[Giant Cell Arteritis – A Series of Cases and Review of Literature]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/54913 <![CDATA[Adverse Drug Reaction Labelling for Atomoxetine, Methylphenidate and Modafinil: Comparison of Product Information for Oral Formulations in Australia, Denmark and the United States]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/54871 <![CDATA[Coated with Nanomaterials Intraocular Lenses, Ophthalmic and Human Body Implantable Devices with High Catalytic Antioxidant Activities: A New Nanotechnology Strategy of Peroxidase Cellular Enzyme Mimics Increasing the Biocompatibility and Therapeutic Deployment of the Medical Prosthetic Device]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/48227

The aim of this investigation was to increase the safety and effectiveness of an individual intraocular lens (IOL) preventing an impairment in peroxide metabolism of the mature human cataractous lenses compared to normal lenses employing the specific nanotechnology coating which substitutes the inhibitory effect of the implantable device towards the active species of oxygen and the ability of IOL to regulate the H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxides levels in the surrounding medium.

The implantation of IOLs with metabolic activity improves the capability of the surrounding ocular tissues to withstand oxidative stress induced in ocular humors by the photochemical and other metabolic reactions. The coated implantable medical device with thin film of platinum applied with magnetron sputtering, reacts as a body enzyme with deleterious peroxide compounds and free radical oxygen species in body fluids and tissue when said device is implanted into human body. The IOL having haptics coated with thin film of platinum, catalyzes the reduction of peroxide compounds to decrease their levels within the aqueous humor. Further, the coatings also scavenge toxic free radicals of oxygen, thus preventing cellular dysfunction resulting from oxidative attack.

Coated IOLs according to the patented nanotechnology can address the vast majority of cataract surgery-induced complications, such as secondary cataract, intraocular inflammation (endophthalmitis) and foreign body reactions, cystoid macular oedema , corneal edema . The nanotechnology offers physicians and surgeons to develop and commercialize costeffective therapeutic medical implantable devices, products and support systems with metabolic activities for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and of a wide range of pathological states and disorders which are treated by insertion of the implantable and prosthetic (polymeric) devices.

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<![CDATA[Current Updates in the Medical Management of Obesity]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/42733 <![CDATA[ Current Ocular Drug Delivery Challenges for N-acetylcarnosine: Novel Patented Routes and Modes of Delivery, Design for Enhancement of Therapeutic Activity and Drug Delivery Relationships]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/38435 <![CDATA[ Intraocular Lens and Biocompatibility - A Review]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/40242 <![CDATA[ Insights in Specific Cerebellar and Cerebral Activations in Blind Subjects]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/3091 <![CDATA[ The Contrast Sensitivity Test in Early Detection of Ocular Changes in the Relation to the Type I Diabetes Mellitus Compensation in Children,Teenagers, and Young Adults]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/37294 <![CDATA[ The Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) with Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC): Comprehensive Care for Preterm Infants]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/33409 <![CDATA[ Uveitis in Rheumatic Diseases]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/32334 <![CDATA[ Dorsal Stream Dysfunction in Children. A Review and an Approach to Diagnosis and Management]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/32171 <![CDATA[ Abnormal Head Posture due to Ocular Problems- A Review]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/29246 <![CDATA[ Review of Pediatric Uveitis]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/26757 <![CDATA[ Fragile X Syndrome and Autism: Common Developmental Pathways?]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/22818 <![CDATA[ Treatment of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis Infections and Neurological Complications of Tuberculosis Treatment]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/20264

For the treatment of CNS-TB, knowledge of the penetration across the blood-brain barrier of the various antituberculosis agents used in TB treatment is important. These will be described here in order to serve as a guide in choosing a treatment for CNS-TB. Corticosteroids have an evidence-based value in the treatment of TM and so are recommended. As for thalidomide use in CNS-TB, sound evidence is still lacking. We will also include a description of the adverse neurotoxic effects of the various other agents including their psychiatric, ototoxic and ophthalmic adverse effects. ]]> <![CDATA[ Depot Based Drug Delivery System for the Management of Depression]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/19767 <![CDATA[ Manufacturing and Regulatory Strategies for Clinical AAV2-hRPE65]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/17606 <![CDATA[ State of the Art Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of N-Acetylcarnosine Dipeptide Ophthalmic Prodrug. Principles for the Delivery, Self-Bioactivation, Molecular Targets and Interaction with a Highly Evolved Histidyl-Hydrazide Structure in the Treatment and Therapeutic Management of a Group of Sight-Threatening Eye Diseases]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/13444 <![CDATA[ Prospects for Rational Development of Pharmacological Gap Junction Channel Blockers]]>https://benthamscience.comarticle/9267