Monitoring and evaluation is necessary for any program management
endeavor however it has been a challenge for application to HIV/AIDS projects
globally because of the multidisciplinary and multidimensional aspects of the epidemic.
Results-based management has been the main driver behind monitoring and evaluation
efforts with various methodologies and indicators used for different stages of the results
chain. Complexity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic necessitates the use of triangulation
approach and complexity science related methods in studying various HIV aspects
from biology to social dynamics and policy-making. Participatory methods have also
been utilized for enhancing trust, ownership and empowerment within affected
communities. Some frameworks are introduced to help planning and implementing
national monitoring and evaluation systems. The future of monitoring and evaluation
could be more promising for ensuring accountability and scientific rigor.
Keywords: Accountability, Assessment, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Evaluation,
Indicator, Monitoring, Participatory, Planning, Results, Triangulation.