Today's academic environment presents assessment challenges defined by an increased volume of available information coupled with increased competition among students and time constraints. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) provide examiners with an opportunity to assess academic performance on the basis of instant recollection of correct answers in a minimal amount of time. MCQs Series for Life Sciences Volume 2 is a collection of MCQs on advanced topics and offers the following benefits for readers: o Includes over 950 relevant MCQs o Covers two major topics: cell culture and microbiology. o Simplified language and presentation of concepts o Answers to each question are provided This MCQ book series in life sciences is a handy reference for graduate and postgraduate students undertaking examinations or entrance tests as well as teachers or examiners involved in setting and controlling assessments in specific subjects in life sciences.

Frontiers in Protein and Peptide Sciences is a book series focused on leading-edge research on the structure, physical properties, and functions of proteins and peptides. Authors of contributions in this series have updated their work with new experimental data and references following their initial research. Each volume highlights a number of important topics in current research in the field of protein and peptide chemistry and molecular biology, including membrane proteins and their interactions with ligands, computational methods, and proteins in disease and biotechnology. The series is essential reading for protein chemists and researchers seeking the latest information about protein and peptide research.

The advent of large-scale production and clinical trials of drugs developed through diverse production routes - involving viruses, microbes, plants, and animals - has increased the demand for an expanded capacity for pharmaceutical manufacturing. The production and purification of expressed proteins accounts for the bulk of the manufacturing costs for new therapeutics. Several pharmaceutical proteins have been synthesized by exploiting plant genetics allowing producers to override conventional approaches used to manufacture pharmaceuticals. The process of inserting a gene into a host organism for the purpose of harvesting a bioactive molecule for therapeutic use is known as molecular pharming. Frontiers in Molecular Pharming covers an array of topics relevant to understanding the structure, function, regulation, and mechanisms of action, biochemical significance, and usage of proteins and peptides as biomarkers, therapeutics, and vaccines for animals and humans. The contributions aim to highlight current progress in three areas, including system biology (in vivo characterization of proteins and peptides), molecular pharming for animals and molecular pharming for humans. The book gives special attention to computational biology tools, production platforms and fields (such as immunoinformatics) and applications of molecular pharming (such as veterinary therapeutics). A balance of theoretical concepts and practical applications is provided through 13 chapters. Frontiers in Molecular Pharming is an invaluable resource for students and researchers of biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology. The book also serves as a springboard for understanding the process of how discoveries in protein and peptide research and its applications are coming to fruition.

The aim of the eBook series of Research Topics in Agricultural & Applied Economics (RTAAE) is to publish high quality economic researches applied to both the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors of the economy. The subject areas of this eBook series include, among others, supply and demand analysis, technical change and productivity, industrial organization, labor economics, growth and development, environmental economics, marketing, business economics and finance. By covering a broad variety of economic research topics, this eBook series should prove to be of considerable interest to a wide spectrum of academic, agricultural and applied economic researchers and scientists, as well as to industry specialists and government policy makers.

The aim of the Ebook series of Research Topics in Agricultural & Applied Economics (RTAAE) is to publish high quality economic researches applied to both the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors of the economy. The subject areas of this Ebook series include, among others, supply and demand analysis, technical change and productivity, industrial organization, labor economics, growth and development, environmental economics, marketing, business economics and finance. By covering a broad variety of economic research topics, this Ebook series should prove to be of considerable interest to a wide spectrum of academic, agricultural and applied economic researchers and scientists, as well as to industry specialists and government policy makers.

The aim of this e-book series is to publish high quality economic research in agricultural and applied economics. It particularly fosters quantitative studies which make original contribution on important economic issues, the results of which help to understand and solve real economic problems. This volume contains research papers focusing on the areas of agricultural policy, agricultural price volatility, agricultural finance and cooperatives, consumption economics, firm production and organization, human capital convergence, international economics and multinational business, investment decisions in organic agriculture, market structure and industry studies. The research papers of this volume make use of recent methodological approaches and provide conclusions which are useful to both private sector participants and policy-makers.

Since ancient times, yeasts have been used for brewing and breadmaking processes. They now represent a flagship organism for alcoholic fermentation processes. The ubiquity of some yeast species also offers microbiologists a heterologous gene-expression platform, making them a model organism for studying eukaryotes. Yeasts: from Nature to Bioprocesses brings together information about the origin and evolution of yeasts, their ecological relationships, and the main taxonomic groups into a single volume. The book initially explores six significant yeast genera in detailed chapters. The book then delves into the main biotechnological processes in which both prospected and engineered yeasts are successfully employed. Yeasts: from Nature to Bioprocesses, therefore, elucidates the leading role of these single-cell organisms for industrial microbiology in environmental, health, social, and economic terms. This book is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary resource for general readers as well as scholars of all levels who want to know all about yeast microbiology and their industrial applications.

<p><p/> Cancer is driven by numerous genetic and epigenetic changes occurring at the cellular level. These changes drive normal cells to proliferate and escape processes that usually regulate their survival and migration. Many of these alterations are often associated with signaling pathways which regulate cell growth and division, cell death, survival, invasion and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Almost all cancer cells show high expression of signaling components including growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), small GTPases, serine/threonine kinases, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, lipid kinases, estrogen receptor, activation of transcription factors Myc and NF-κB, etc. Updated knowledge about these signaling components is highly desirable for researchers involved in developing therapies against cancer. Signal Transduction Research for Cancer Therapy covers advancements in research on the signaling pathways in the human body, especially in some types of cancers, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. <p><p/> Key features of this volume include 8 focused topical reviews on signaling pathways in a specific cancer type, coverage of multiple cancer types (breast cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular cancer, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, and pancreatic cancer), and coverage of a wide array of signaling pathways (both receptor mediated and non receptor mediated pathways). <p><p/> This volume is essential reading for researchers in pharmaceutical R&D and postgraduate research programs in pharmacology and allied disciplines. Clinicians involved in oncology will also benefit from the information provided in the chapters. <p><p/> [Series Intro] <p><p/> This series provides scientists and clinicians with updated clinical information about signal transduction that will be valuable in their pursuit to investigate, develop, and apply novel agents to prevent or treat life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Contributions to the series will focus on methods that also enhance the quality of life for patients. <p><p/>

The first volume of this Ebook series brings together the most recent advances from leading experts in the burgeoning field of biotechnology. This comprehensive text adopts a multidisciplinary approach and covers agricultural biotechnology, industrial and environmental biotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences and drug developments from plant sources, biochemical and molecular studies on gene expression, forestry, genetic engineering, gene delivery approaches, plant tissue culture and biochemical techniques/methods/protocols involved in different areas of plant biotechnology. This Ebook should prove to be a valuable resource for plant biotechnologists, plant biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, pharmacologists, and pharmacists; agronomists, plant breeders, and geneticists; ethnobotanists, ecologists, and conservationists; medical practitioners and nutritionists; research investigators in industry, federal laboratories, and universities; and students and teachers in the biological and biomedical sciences at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Carbohydrates (monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) exist naturally in free from and as components of other macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids). Glycotherapy refers to this use of carbohydrates or glycoengineered macromolecules in fighting life-threatening diseases. Although glycotherapy is a relatively new and limited field of pharmacology, significant progress has been made in recent years in academia and the pharmaceutical industry facilitated by advances in enzymology and recombinant DNA technologies. Consequently, carbohydrate containing biologics are now used in therapeutic regimens. This volume provides a summary of the progress made in developing therapeutic solutions using glycoengineering techniques. Topics covered in this volume include the development of vaccines and antibodies against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens for cancer treatment, the use of glycan for viral inhibition, glycoPEGylation, hyaluronic acid conjugation, and protein modification and conjugation for increasing therapeutic index using recombinant and chemoenzymatic approaches. The volume is essential reading for biochemists, pharmacologists and R&amp;D professionals interested in glycotherapy.