The physical and chemical characteristics of semiconductor materials
radically alter as their size is shrunk to the nanoscale, giving rise to unusual traits
because of their enormous surface area or quantum size effect. Despite being at the
research stage right now, semiconductor nanomaterials and devices hold great promise
for use in a variety of sectors, including solar cells, nanoscale electronics, lightemitting nanodevices, laser technology, waveguides, pharmaceuticals, and biosensors.
The semiconductors will undoubtedly experience substantial advancements as
nanotechnology continues to advance. The entire mechanism is regulated with the help
of band theory, which includes valence band, conduction band and an energy gap, also
considered forbidden gaps. These semiconductors when converted into nano sizes are
corresponded to nanoparticles, which have the potential to accommodate various
functionalities due to the reduced size, which increases the surface area for better
function, adsorption, efficiency, and other things as discussed in the book chapter. This
chapter also focuses on some of the most important activities now underway and
problems that must be solved to enhance nanostructures and nanodevices based on
semiconductors.
Keywords: Light emitting nano devices, Nanomaterials, Semiconductors, Solar cells.
