Malformative lesions of vascular origin should be considered among the
neoplasms of the facial soft tissues. These comprise a very heterogeneous group that
can be classified into tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular malformations are
characterized by a structural defect of blood vessels that have a physiological turnover
of endothelial cells resulting from a malformation during development. They can, in
turn, be sporadic or associated with genetic mutations. They are classically divided into
low or high-flow vascular malformations. The former have no arterial component and
are classified according to their predominant endothelial cell type as capillary, venous,
lymphatic or combined. The latter has an arterial component and includes arterial
malformations, arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous capillary malformations
and arteriovenous fistulas. Vascular tumors include benign and malignant neoplasms of
endothelial cellular origin. Among the most common vascular tumors, hemangioma
stands out. Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) is the most commonly
diagnosed subtype of benign endothelial neoplasia in the oral cavity. Furthermore, most
oral pyogenic granulomas are considered reactive rather than neoplastic proliferations.
Among the malignant ones, much rarer, Kaposi's sarcoma and angiosarcoma emerge.
Keywords: Malformative lesions, Pyogenic granuloma, Vascular malformations, Vascular tumors, Venous lake.
