Etiological Insights into TNBC and their Related Catastrophic Risks

Triple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive form of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. TNBC is characterized by poor clinic-pathological attributes, prognostic markers, unavailability of efficient therapeutic approaches, and higher chances of disease relapse along with metastasis to distant sites. Dysregulated epigenetic and transcriptional profiling was involved in cancer progression including histone modification, altered miRNA, DNA methylation, and long non-coding RNA signatures. This chapter will provide an insight into the molecular biology of TNBC including gene expression patterns and their subtypes. TNBC molecular spectrum was extensively studied to depict the distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival rate in affected individuals. Prevalence and epidemiology trends of TNBC patients across the globe were also studied to determine the impact of genetic predisposition and socioeconomic factors behind its aggressive behavior. 

Keywords: Basal like, Epidemiology, Epigenetic profiling, Immune-modulatory, Intratumor heterogeneity, LncRNAs, Luminal androgen receptor, Mesenchymal stem-like, Metastatic, MiRNA, Molecular classification.