Abstract
The oligodynamic effect of AgNPs, ability to generate reactive oxygen
species, biofilm inhibition, appreciable biocidal effect, interaction and disruption of cell
membranes, and DNA damage contribute towards the antibiotic properties of AgNPs.
In addition, a remarkable synergistic effect with the representative antibiotics further
supports the use of AgNPs as next generation antimicrobial agents. The evasion of the
efflux pumps by the AgNPs pertaining to their high concentration at the membrane
surface presents a significant feature for their application as future antimicrobial
agents. The tethering of the customary antibiotics or antimicrobial therapeutics with
AgNPs alleviates their cellular entry that further improves the inhibition potency and
minimizes the therapeutic dose required to achieve an optimal relieving effect against
the target pathogen. Mainly, the AgNPs disrupt redox balance on contacting the
microbial cells that trigger a series of events, eventually causing the microbial cell
death. The antimicrobial efficacy of AgNPs further led to the development of antifouling
fabrics, antibacterial bandages, anti-sweat clothing, in addition to home
appliances, such as washing devices and water purifiers. The present chapter succinctly
highlights the stature of AgNPs as next generation antibiotics.
Keywords: Antibiotics, Biocidal effect, Microbicidal effect, Oligodynamic effect, Synergistic effect.
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