The Global Neuronal Workspace (GNW) theory addresses how the brain
enables the coherent self-sustaining states characteristic of conscious experiences.
Corticocortical long-range fibers make information available for multiple brain
networks through horizontal projections. These neurons are considered the distributed
source of a Global Neuronal Workspace. The GNW differs from the IIT because it does
not situate integrated information as the cause of consciousness. Instead, it points
towards information-sharing mechanisms as the origin of consciousness. A recent
update to the theory stresses the functional unity of cortex and thalamus. Information
integrated by the cortico-thalamic (C-T) circuitry generates internal representations of
the external space through the widespread synchronization of gamma oscillations. The
theory also proposes mechanisms to generate abstract states of awareness not
traditionally associated with qualia. The Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) describes
dynamic states that the brain amplifies and synchronizes during the matching processes
between bottom-up and top-down streams of information. The ART predicts that qualia
should emerge from the emergent relational properties of these interactions. High-level
resonances that support qualia features are described as shrouds and presented as stable
invariant dynamic states. As a net effect, free-energy, or uncertainty, decreases across
hierarchical systems. The ART fits the concept of conscious experiences as the abstract
realization of information by strange loops, connecting top-down and bottom-up
information flows. ART shrouds are consistent with the manipulation of information as
focal aspects of subjective experiences, such as the odor-objects. Matches between
prediction and predictive-error create perceptual representations of the world that can
support integrated, goal-directed adaptive behaviors of the organism.
Keywords: Adaptive Resonance Theory, Corticocortical Fibers, Corticothalamic
Fibers, Cortico-Thalamic Core, Cognitive Heuristics, Cross-Frequency Coupling,
Feelings of Knowing, Focal Aspects of Subjective Experiences, Free-Energy
Reduction, Global Neuronal Workspace Theory, Higher Order Representationism,
Predictive-Error, Primitives, Reentrant Signaling, Shroud-Resonances, Stability-
Plasticity Problem, Thalamus, Top-Down and Bottom-Up Interaction, Winner-
Take-All Coalitions.