Title:Current and Emerging Strategies in Osteoporosis Management
Volume: 23
Issue: 41
Author(s): Stefka Ivanova and Liliya Vasileva*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv,Bulgaria
Keywords:
Osteoporosis, treatment, prevention, pharmacology, phytotherapy, physical activity.
Abstract: The abnormal loss of bone tissue is defined as osteoporosis. Increased risk of fractures, low bone mineral
density (BMD) and loss of the structural and biomechanical properties of the bone tissue characterize this
pathological condition. Physiologically bone undergoes a continuous remodeling process involving balance between
the activity of osteoblast and osteoclast. Disruption in this balanced condition increases the risk of osteoporosis.
Both sexes are affected, but with higher prevalence in women after menopause. This review aims to enlighten
the established and emerging trends in prevention and treatment of bone loss. Herbal supplementation and
physical exercises are suggested as addition to the well-established therapy in prevention and management of
osteoporosis. Treatment strategies of osteoporosis include non- pharmacological treatment - diet rich of calcium
and vitamin D, healthy lifestyle, proper exercise plan, and pharmacological therapy. Preventive and treatment
strategies have to consider combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches for minimization
of the fracture risk in osteoporosis.