Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted by various types of cells, known to mediate signal transduction between cells. During recent years, novel carriers for the delivery of targeted drugs, chemotherapy drugs and RNAs are under development, which is believed to be beneficial for patients. Considering issues of drug nano-formulations in bloodstream, such as nano-toxicity and rapid clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system, exosomes derived from either patient’s cells or bodyfluids, seem to be an optimal option. This review presents the current patterns of drug-loaded into exosomes and discusses how exosomes were reconstructed for targeted therapy. Loading either exosomes directly or their donor cells is an alternative, including incubation, electroporation, transfection of exosomes or transfection, incubation, activation of the parent cells. To solve the low efficiency of cargo loading into exosomes, protein loading via optically reversible protein-protein interaction can realize a novel exosomal protein carrier. In addition, targeted therapeutics with exosomes is achieved by three means, via adding targeting peptides into the surface of exosomes, by transferring specific genes within exosomes into tumors to establish a therapeutic target and, lastly, by targeting at exosomes containing tumor associated antigens. Nevertheless, purification and mass production of exosomes need further exploration, as well as more approaches were applied to targeted therapy. Therefore, exosomes could serve as an effective tool for drug delivery and targeted therapy.
Keywords: Exosomes, drug delivery, targeted therapy, cancer, electroporation, Tumor Associated Antigen (TAA).
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title:Cell-derived Exosomes as Promising Carriers for Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy
Volume: 18 Issue: 4
Author(s): Xinyi Wang, Haiyang Zhang, Haiou Yang, Ming Bai, Tao Ning, Shuang Li, Jialu Li, Ting Deng, Guoguang Ying*Yi Ba*
Affiliation:
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060,China
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060,China
Keywords: Exosomes, drug delivery, targeted therapy, cancer, electroporation, Tumor Associated Antigen (TAA).
Abstract: Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted by various types of cells, known to mediate signal transduction between cells. During recent years, novel carriers for the delivery of targeted drugs, chemotherapy drugs and RNAs are under development, which is believed to be beneficial for patients. Considering issues of drug nano-formulations in bloodstream, such as nano-toxicity and rapid clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system, exosomes derived from either patient’s cells or bodyfluids, seem to be an optimal option. This review presents the current patterns of drug-loaded into exosomes and discusses how exosomes were reconstructed for targeted therapy. Loading either exosomes directly or their donor cells is an alternative, including incubation, electroporation, transfection of exosomes or transfection, incubation, activation of the parent cells. To solve the low efficiency of cargo loading into exosomes, protein loading via optically reversible protein-protein interaction can realize a novel exosomal protein carrier. In addition, targeted therapeutics with exosomes is achieved by three means, via adding targeting peptides into the surface of exosomes, by transferring specific genes within exosomes into tumors to establish a therapeutic target and, lastly, by targeting at exosomes containing tumor associated antigens. Nevertheless, purification and mass production of exosomes need further exploration, as well as more approaches were applied to targeted therapy. Therefore, exosomes could serve as an effective tool for drug delivery and targeted therapy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wang Xinyi , Zhang Haiyang, Yang Haiou , Bai Ming, Ning Tao , Li Shuang, Li Jialu , Deng Ting , Ying Guoguang*, Ba Yi*, Cell-derived Exosomes as Promising Carriers for Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170710120311
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170710120311 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Use of the Semiconductor Nanotechnologies “Quantum Dots” for in vivo Cancer Imaging
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery An Optimised Radiolabel Procedure to Prepare 99mTc-Colloidal Rhenium Sulphide to Improve Radiochemical Purity
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Synthesis, Antitubercular and Anticancer Activities of p-nitrophenylethylenediamine- Derived Schiff Bases
Medicinal Chemistry Current and Next Generation Topical Anti-Skin Cancer Therapeutics
Drug Delivery Letters The Role of Anticoagulation in Cancer Patients: Facts and Figures
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 8-Azapurine Nucleus: A Versatile Scaffold for Different Targets
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Apis mellifera Proteomics: Where Will the Future Bee?
Current Proteomics III. Angiogenesis: Complexity of Tumor Vasculature and Microenvironment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lignans from Medicinal Plants and their Anticancer Effect
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Neuroproteomics: Are We Biased in Our Representation of Molecular Targets Associated with Specific Domains? Implications in Biomarker Discovery
Current Proteomics Current Hydrogel Solutions for Repairing and Regeneration of Complex Tissues
Current Medicinal Chemistry Migration and Function of Th17 Cells
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Interaction of Titanocene Y with Double-Stranded DNA: A Computational Study
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Molecular Targeting of Liposomal Nano-Particles to Lymphatic System
Current Cancer Drug Targets Anticancer Effects of Garlic and Garlic-derived Compounds for Breast Cancer Control
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The V-ATPase as a Target for Antifungal Drugs
Current Protein & Peptide Science Melissa of cinalis and Vitamin E as the Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Reproductive Toxicity Caused by Anti-cancer Drug, Cisplatin, in Male Rats
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Therapeutic Targeting of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Diabetic Complications
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery HCV Inhibitors: Role of Compounds from Botanical Sources
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting the Immune Niche within the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: The Rise of Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma
Current Cancer Drug Targets