Title:Exosomes: A Role for Naturally Occurring Nanovesicles in Cancer Growth, Diagnosis and Treatment
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Author(s): Akhil Srivastava, Justyna Filant, Katherine M. Moxley, Anil Sood, Scott McMeekin and Rajagopal Ramesh
Affiliation:
关键词:
生物标记，癌症，胞外体，基因治疗，miRNA
摘要: Exosomes are 30 - 100 nm bodies secreted from almost all types of cells into the extracellular
spaces. They enclose in their lumen active genetic information in the form of messenger RNA
(mRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), DNA and active peptides that are representative of the parental cell
and can be isolated from different body fluids. Exosomes can participate in inter-cellular communication by trafficking
molecules to their target cells. Because they can stably carry cargo including miRNA, mRNA, and proteins and can pass
through stringent biological barriers (e.g., blood brain barrier) without eliciting an immune response, they are considered
as an ideal acellular vehicle for drug delivery. In this review, we describe the structure and biogenesis of exosomes and
new directions related to their role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially for cancer. We also discuss potential
challenges associated with exosomes that should be addressed before exosome-based therapy can be applied to clinical
settings.
