![conference banner](/images/conference-banner.jpeg)
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus complicates 1-2% of all pregnancies but is associated with high a perinatal morbidity and mortality. Gestational diabetes affects up to 4% of pregnancies and is associated with foetal macrosomia (large for dates). Foetal growth is a complex process influenced by genetics, maternal factors, uterine environment and maternal and foetal hormonal status. Infants of pre-gestational diabetic mothers have an additional influence of maternal fluctuations in glycaemia. The purpose of this paper is to review maternal and foetal growth factors, including insulin, in the aetiology of macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy. Placental Growth Hormone is the major growth hormone secreted during human pregnancy. Leptin may have a role in satiety. Resistin was originally proposed as the link between obesity and diabetes but is now thought to have a more complex role. These hormones and their actions on human foetal growth are reviewed in depth with particular reference to both pre-gestational (type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and gestational diabetes. Previously, increased foetal weight in infants of diabetic mothers was thought to be as a result of maternal hyperglycaemia. It is now evident that the control of foetal growth, in normal as well as diabetic pregnancies, is far more complex than previously understood.
Keywords: Pregnancy, Diabetes, Growth factors, Maternal, Foetal
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: A Review of Maternal and Fetal Growth Factors in Diabetic Pregnancy
Volume: 6 Issue: 2
Author(s): Mary Higgins and Fionnuala Mc Auliffe
Affiliation:
Keywords: Pregnancy, Diabetes, Growth factors, Maternal, Foetal
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus complicates 1-2% of all pregnancies but is associated with high a perinatal morbidity and mortality. Gestational diabetes affects up to 4% of pregnancies and is associated with foetal macrosomia (large for dates). Foetal growth is a complex process influenced by genetics, maternal factors, uterine environment and maternal and foetal hormonal status. Infants of pre-gestational diabetic mothers have an additional influence of maternal fluctuations in glycaemia. The purpose of this paper is to review maternal and foetal growth factors, including insulin, in the aetiology of macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy. Placental Growth Hormone is the major growth hormone secreted during human pregnancy. Leptin may have a role in satiety. Resistin was originally proposed as the link between obesity and diabetes but is now thought to have a more complex role. These hormones and their actions on human foetal growth are reviewed in depth with particular reference to both pre-gestational (type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and gestational diabetes. Previously, increased foetal weight in infants of diabetic mothers was thought to be as a result of maternal hyperglycaemia. It is now evident that the control of foetal growth, in normal as well as diabetic pregnancies, is far more complex than previously understood.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Higgins Mary and Mc Auliffe Fionnuala, A Review of Maternal and Fetal Growth Factors in Diabetic Pregnancy, Current Diabetes Reviews 2010; 6 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339910790909431
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339910790909431 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A Guide to Treatment of Sarcoidosis
Current Drug Therapy AMPK Regulation of Glucose, Lipid and Protein Metabolism: Mechanisms and Nutritional Significance
Current Protein & Peptide Science Adrenomedullin Function in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Insights from Genetic Mouse Models
Current Hypertension Reviews Insulin Therapy, Insulin Resistance and Vascular Dysfunction
Current Vascular Pharmacology Functional Profiles of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Obese/Diabetic Versus Healthy Women
Current Diabetes Reviews Recent Developments in the Search for Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Proteomics and Protein Analyses of Ovine and Caprine Body Fluids: Current Studies and Future Promises
Current Protein & Peptide Science Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A and Developmental Programming of the Cardiovascular Changes in the Offspring
Current Medicinal Chemistry Metaboloepigenetics: The Emerging Network in Stem Cell Homeostasis Regulation
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Brain Insulin Resistance and Deficiency as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Low Activity of Plasminogen Activator: A Common Feature of Non- Iatrogenic Comorbidities of Schizophrenia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets HbA1c, Fructosamine, and Glycated Albumin in the Detection of Dysglycaemic Conditions
Current Diabetes Reviews Relationship Between Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and NMDA Receptor at Central Synapses
Current Protein & Peptide Science Contribution of Large Animals to Translational Research on Prenatal Programming of Obesity and Associated Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Recent Updates on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Agonists for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome
Medicinal Chemistry Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Possible Role of Zinc in its Genesis
Current Women`s Health Reviews A Systematic Review of the Uterine Relaxant Effect of Herbal Sources
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Ferritin and Percent Transferrin Saturation Levels Predict Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes
Current Diabetes Reviews Atheroma Burden and Morphology in Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Valproate and Neuroendocrine Changes in Relation to Women Treated for Epilepsy and Bipolar Disorder: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry