Abstract
The clinical use of Botulinum toxin (BoTx) in motor paralytic disorders until now is limited to spasticity relief in isolated spastic muscle/s. This paper advocates that BoTx should be used as a neuro-relearning tool that can significantly improve recovery in motor paralytic disorders. BoTx generates redundant numbers of synapses at motor endplates and at spinal motoneuron-interneurons. It facilitates muscle activity-dependent synapse competition at these two sites. Redundancy and competition-based selection of synaptic connections are naturally occurring learning- related plasticity events during infant motor learning- now familiarly known as competitive-learning. Thus when injected in small doses to multiple muscles of a paralyzed limb, BoTx can recreate and replay those competitive-learning processes in the learningresistant paralyzed brain centers. Computational modeling, humanoid robot, and animal studies reveal that motor re) learning can be significantly faster if competitive-learning mechanisms are employed in the paralyzed system. A treatment protocol is presented that aims to keep the paralyzing effects of BoTx minimized while prolonging relearning duration. Recent clinical studies strongly attest that small-dose; multi-muscle, repeat regimens improve function. The principal objective of the present paper is that future multi-muscle clinical studies will take note of the relearning properties of BoTx and make full utilization of this therapeutic effect.
Keywords: Botulinum toxin, cerebral palsy, motor paralysis, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Current Drug Therapy
Title: Botulinum Toxin as a Neuro-Relearning Drug Tool in Motor Paralytic Disorders
Volume: 4 Issue: 2
Author(s): R. Venkata Krishnan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Botulinum toxin, cerebral palsy, motor paralysis, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Abstract: The clinical use of Botulinum toxin (BoTx) in motor paralytic disorders until now is limited to spasticity relief in isolated spastic muscle/s. This paper advocates that BoTx should be used as a neuro-relearning tool that can significantly improve recovery in motor paralytic disorders. BoTx generates redundant numbers of synapses at motor endplates and at spinal motoneuron-interneurons. It facilitates muscle activity-dependent synapse competition at these two sites. Redundancy and competition-based selection of synaptic connections are naturally occurring learning- related plasticity events during infant motor learning- now familiarly known as competitive-learning. Thus when injected in small doses to multiple muscles of a paralyzed limb, BoTx can recreate and replay those competitive-learning processes in the learningresistant paralyzed brain centers. Computational modeling, humanoid robot, and animal studies reveal that motor re) learning can be significantly faster if competitive-learning mechanisms are employed in the paralyzed system. A treatment protocol is presented that aims to keep the paralyzing effects of BoTx minimized while prolonging relearning duration. Recent clinical studies strongly attest that small-dose; multi-muscle, repeat regimens improve function. The principal objective of the present paper is that future multi-muscle clinical studies will take note of the relearning properties of BoTx and make full utilization of this therapeutic effect.
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Cite this article as:
Krishnan Venkata R., Botulinum Toxin as a Neuro-Relearning Drug Tool in Motor Paralytic Disorders, Current Drug Therapy 2009; 4 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488509788185169
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488509788185169 |
Print ISSN 1574-8855 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3903 |
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