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Current Cancer Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0096
ISSN (Online): 1873-5576

Mini-Review Article

Εmerging Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Tumors

Author(s): Konstantinos Evmorfopoulos, Panagiotis J. Vlachostergios*, Petros Sountoulides and Vassilios Tzortzis

Volume 23, Issue 11, 2023

Published on: 03 May, 2023

Page: [858 - 867] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230324114236

Price: $65

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Abstract

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the leading cause of cancer-related death in young males between the ages of 20-40. Surgical resection and cisplatin-based chemotherapy can achieve a cure for the majority of patients with TGCTs, with survival rates of up to 97% for patients diagnosed at an early stage. The use of serum biomarkers, such as AFP β-HCG, and LDH, plays a significant role in both diagnosis and evaluation of response to treatment, and despite their low sensitivity and specificity levels, they are an integral part of the current tumor staging system and daily practice. Molecular biomarkers, including micro-RNAs and gene-expression profiles, are currently being developed in TGCTs and could potentially hold a prominent place in the future diagnosis, treatment selection, surveillance, and prognostication of these tumors. This review discusses how current advances in our understanding of the underlying biology of TGCTs have helped biomarker discovery, with a focus on the recognition of key molecular alterations that could serve as potential indicators of disease onset, response to systemic or/and surgical therapies, and overall clinical course.

Keywords: Testicular germ cell tumors, diagnosis, serum biomarkers, micro-RNAs, cisplatin, prognosis, RPLND.

Graphical Abstract
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