Title:Otolaryngology Implants Usage and their Material Adverse Event Profile -
A Narrative Review
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Author(s): T.Y. Sree Sudha*, K.S.B.S Krishna Sasanka, Harminder Singh, Saurabh Varshney, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju and Prakash Srinivasan Timiri Shanmugam
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
Keywords:
Cochlear implant, nitinol piston, medpor, metallic tracheostomy tube, side effects, ENT.
Abstract:
Objectives: The objective of this study is to review various biomaterials or implants
used in ENT and their adverse effects on events that were noticed from the initial days to the
present era.
Methods: Relevant articles were searched from the databases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science,
and Google were used to search for the data.
Results: Cochlear implant (CI) adequacy depends on biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory treatment,
and reduction of fibrosis. Silicone is used in the otologic field, and its allergy is a rare
cause of CI extrusion. Nitinol pistons are used in stapedotomy, and polyethylene (Teflon) grafts
are used in partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) or total ossicular replacement prosthesis
(TORP). Their complications include graft extrusion and residual perforation. Chronic
sphenoid sinusitis is associated with Medpor porous polyethylene implants used for sellar reconstruction
in skull-based surgeries. In vocal cord paralysis, injectable collagen preparations form
submucosal deposits and dysphonia. Montgomery T-tubes are used in subglottic stenosis, and
they produce granulation tissue. Metallic tracheostomy tubes cause the formation of secondary
foreign bodies, and biofilms appear in double-lumen tracheostomy tubes.
Conclusion: Even though several research studies have been carried out, still a modification of
implant design is needed to minimize the complications and to further promote the quality of life
of patients.
