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Current Drug Therapy

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1574-8855
ISSN (Online): 2212-3903

Research Article

Development and Optimization of Guggal Extract Loaded Ultradeformable Vesicles using Central Composite Design for Improving Antioxidant Potential

Author(s): Neha Dhankar, Ravinder Verma, Manish Kumar, Anil Hooda, Deepak Kaushik and Vineet Mittal*

Volume 18, Issue 2, 2023

Published on: 27 January, 2023

Page: [151 - 163] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230116103000

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: After almost 30 years of study, it is a scientific fact that inflammation is the root cause of arthritis.

Objective: Guggul has a beneficial role in arthritis because of its ability to neutralize the NF-kappa factor. A topical drug delivery system is beneficial to overcome the problems associated with oral drug delivery and offers several potential advantages. Ultra-deformable vesicles (UDVs) are a special type of liposome made up of phospholipids and surfactants, and they are highly flexible.

Methods: In the present investigation, 20 formulations were suggested by Design Expert® 10 software (Central Composite Design) which were prepared using film hydration method with lecithin (70-90 mg), tween 80 (10–30 mg), Guggul extract (3 mg) and sonicated for 5–15 minutes. The formulation was optimized based on particle size (R₁) and maximum entrapment efficiency (R2).

Results: The optimized formulation consists of 78.92 mg soya phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), 22.08 mg Tween 80, and 3 mg Guggul with a sonication time of 12.74 minutes that resulted in a particle size of 375.5 ±15.1 nm and entrapment efficiency of 80.3 ± 3.1%. Guggul UDVs showed more antioxidant activity compared to Guggul extract, control and standard. Similar results were obtained in the case of anti-arthritic activity, which was measured by egg albumin denaturation, bovine serum albumin denaturation, proteinase inhibitory action, and anti-lipoxygenase activity. The data of both activities were analyzed using an unpaired t-test to determine significant values (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential of UDVs in the treatment of all arthritis diseases.

Keywords: Guggal, arthritis, ultra-deformable vesicles, anti-arthritic activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-lipoxygenase activity.

Graphical Abstract
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