Title:Stem Cell and Oxidative Stress-Inflammation Cycle
Volume: 18
Issue: 5
Author(s): Hatice Dogan Buzoglu, Ayse Burus, Yasemin Bayazıt and Michel Goldberg*
Affiliation:
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of
Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris France
Keywords:
Mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, inflammation, ROS, oxidative stress, reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
Abstract:
Under a variety of physical and experimental settings, stem cells are able to self-renew and
differentiate into specialized adult cells. MSCs (mesenchymal stromal/stem cells) are multipotent stem
cells present in a wide range of fetal, embryonic, and adult tissues. They are the progenitors of a variety of
specialized cells and are considered crucial tools in tissue engineering. MSCs, derived from various tissues,
including cord blood, placenta, bone marrow, and dental tissues, have been extensively examined in
tissue repair, immune modulation, etc. Increasing the vitality of MSCs and restoring cellular mechanisms
are important factors in treatment success.
Oxidative stress harms cellular molecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids due to the overproduction of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and tissues or insufficiency of
antioxidant systems that can inactivate them. Oxidative stress has a close link with inflammation as a
pathophysiological process. ROS can mediate the expression of proinflammatory genes via intracellular
signaling pathways and initiate the chronic inflammatory state. At the same time, inflammatory cells secrete
a large number of reactive species that cause increased oxidative stress at sites of inflammation. In
inflammatory diseases, the differentiation of stem cells and the regenerative and wound healing process
can be affected differently by the increase of oxidative stress.
Recent studies have indicated that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), as a resource of adult stem cells, are an
attractive option for cell therapy in diseases such as neurological diseases, diabetes, cardiological diseases,
etc., as well as its treatment potential in pulp inflammation. The future of oxidative stressinflammation
cycle and/or ageing therapies involves the selective elimination of senescent cells, also
known as senolysis, which prevents various age-related diseases. Most pathologies are implicated on the
effects of ageing without exerting undesirable side effects.