Generic placeholder image

Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-0822
ISSN (Online): 2666-0830

Cross-Sectional Study

The Impact of Temperament and Character on Treatment Compliance of Opioid Agonists

Author(s): Shiva Soraya, Ruohollah Seddigh, Fatemeh Hadi, Behnoosh Shahsavaripour, Mahdieh Saeidi, Mandana Haghshenas*, Mahtab Mohammadi and Hanieh Salehifar

Volume 18, Issue 3, 2022

Published on: 23 August, 2022

Page: [260 - 269] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666220713141318

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Opioid agonist treatment, as the most effective treatment for opioid dependency, requires patient adherence for its effectiveness in the long run. Previous studies on psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients indicated that the patient`s temperament has had an effect on their treatment compliance. Some studies on different types of addiction have attributed special temperament and character traits to these patients.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the impact of temperament and characteristics on opioid treatment compliance. In this study, the relationship between demographic variables, type of medication therapy, and temperament and characteristics scales of patients against opioid agonists therapy compliance was examined.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients who had initiated the course of opioid agonist maintenance therapy underwent TCI 125-item test and were followed-up for 2 months regarding compliance. The data were inputted into SPSS 24. K-S and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to explore the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables, while for examining the relationship between qualitative variables with each other, Chi-square test was utilized. The significance level in the tests was considered p<0.05.

Results: The treatment compliance in this study was 67.2%. In patients who did not have treatment compliance, scores of novelty-seeking (16.7±7 versus 11.7±4, p<0.001), harm avoidance (16.5±5 versus 11.8±5, p<0.0001), reward dependence (12.4±3 versus 10.2±3, p=0.005) and self-transcendence (10.6±2 versus 8.7±2 p=0.002) were higher, but in those who had suitable treatment compliance, scores of persistence (3.5±1 versus 2.3±1, p=0.004) and cooperativeness (17.6±3 versus 14.8±4, p=0.004) were higher. Further, some temperament traits were different among patients undergoing treatment with buprenorphine versus methadone (scores of persistence, self-directedness and self-transcendence were higher in the group receiving buprenorphine, while scores of harm avoidance and cooperativeness were higher in the group under methadone treatment). There was also a significant relationship between gender (good compliance: female 100%, male 65%, poor compliance female 0%, male 35%; p=0.04), level of education (higher), as well as the type of medication (buprenorphine) and treatment compliance.

Conclusion: The results of this study can help to identify high-risk individuals for withdrawing opioid addiction. These people can be a target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to have their personality traits modified. Investigation of the effect of performing these interventions on treatment compliance can be a subject of future study in this area. Also, while there are differences in personality characteristics among cultures, this study investigated Iranian culture more precisely.

Keywords: Opioid full agonists, opioid partial agonists, patient compliance, temperament, buprenorphine, methadone.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Herget G. Methadone and buprenorphine added to the WHO list of essential medicines. HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev 2005; 10(3): 23-4.
[PMID: 16544403]
[2]
Joseph H, Stancliff S, Langrod J. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): A review of historical and clinical issues. Mt Sinai J Med 2000; 67(5-6): 347-64.
[PMID: 11064485]
[3]
Greenwald MK. Heroin craving and drug use in opioid-maintained volunteers: Effects of methadone dose variations. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2002; 10(1): 39-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.10.1.39] [PMID: 11866251]
[4]
Wolff K. Characterization of methadone overdose: Clinical considerations and the scientific evidence. Ther Drug Monit 2002; 24(4): 457-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200208000-00001] [PMID: 12142628]
[5]
Tkacz J, Severt J, Cacciola J, Ruetsch C. Compliance with buprenorphine medication-assisted treatment and relapse to opioid use. Am J Addict 2012; 21(1): 55-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00186.x] [PMID: 22211347]
[6]
Herbeck DM, Fitek DJ, Svikis DS, Montoya ID, Marcus SC, West JC. Treatment compliance in patients with comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. Am J Addict 2005; 14(3): 195-207.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490590949488] [PMID: 16019970]
[7]
Litz M, Leslie D. The impact of mental health comorbidities on adherence to buprenorphine: A claims based analysis. Am J Addict 2017; 26(8): 859-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12644] [PMID: 29143483]
[8]
Gordon PC, Sallet JA, Sallet PC. The impact of temperament and character inventory personality traits on long-term outcome of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg 2014; 24(10): 1647-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-014-1229-7] [PMID: 24682805]
[9]
Aukst MB, Jakovljević M, Ivanec D, Tošić GMB. Novelty seeking and medication adherence in patients with schizo-phrenia. Psychiatry Res 2011; 186(1): 141-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.013] [PMID: 20630601]
[10]
Arnau MM, Mondon S, Santacreu JJ. Using the temperament and character inventory (TCI) to predict outcome after inpatient detoxification during 100 days of outpatient treatment. Alcohol Alcohol 2008; 43(5): 583-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agn047] [PMID: 18544710]
[11]
Zoccali R, Muscatello MR, Bruno A, et al. Temperament and character dimensions in opiate addicts: Comparing sub-jects who completed inpatient treatment in therapeutic communities vs. incompleters. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2007; 33(5): 707-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00952990701522625] [PMID: 17891663]
[12]
Amirabadi B, Nikbakht M, Nokani M, Alibeygi N, Safari H. Role of temperament, personality traits and onset age of smoking in predicting opiate dependence. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2015; 4(4): e24585.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.24585] [PMID: 26870712]
[13]
Dragan S. Drug addiction and choice of drugs: Temperament and personality as risk factors. Serb J Exp Clin Res 2010; 11(3): 93-8.
[14]
Evren C, Evren B, Yancar C, Erkiran M. Temperament and character model of personality profile of alcohol- and drug-dependent inpatients. Compr Psychiatry 2007; 48(3): 283-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.11.003] [PMID: 17445524]
[15]
Le Bon O, Basiaux P, Streel E, et al. Personality profile and drug of choice; A multivariate analysis using Cloninger’s TCI on heroin addicts, alcoholics, and a random population group. Drug Alcohol Depend 2004; 73(2): 175-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.006] [PMID: 14725957]
[16]
Milivojevic D, Milovanovic SD, Jovanovic M, et al. Temperament and character modify risk of drug addiction and influence choice of drugs. Am J Addict 2012; 21(5): 462-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00251.x] [PMID: 22882397]
[17]
Shamsi A, Khodaifar F, Arzaghi SM, Sarvghadi F, Ghazi A. Is there any relationship between medication compliance and affective temperaments in patients with type 2 diabetes? J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13(1): 96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40200-014-0096-z] [PMID: 25276668]
[18]
Shamsi A, Yavarmanesh H, Harati H, Eiliaei S, Sadeghian M. The relationship between medication adherence and af-fective temperaments in patients with congestive heart failure. Psychiatria 2020; 17(3): 115-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/PSYCH.2020.0024]
[19]
Siahjani L, Oraki M, Zare H. Personality trait difference between clients under rehabilitation treatment who completed the treatment process and who left the therapy program. Clin Psychol Personality 2016; 14(1): 9.
[20]
Cloninger C. The temperament and character inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use St. Louis, Mo: Cen-ter for Psycho Biology of Personality, Washington University 1994.
[21]
Kaviani H, Poor NM. Validation of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in Iranian sample: Normative data. Tehran Univ Med J 2005; 63(2): 89-98.
[22]
World Health Organization. Division of Family Reproductive Health. Gender and health technical paper. 1998.
[23]
Babwah F, Baksh S, Blake L, et al. The role of gender in compliance and attendance at an outpatient clinic for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Trinidad. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2006; 19(2): 79-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892006000200002] [PMID: 16551381]
[24]
Yarborough BJ, Stumbo SP, McCarty D, Mertens J, Weisner C, Green CA. Methadone, buprenorphine and preferences for opioid agonist treatment: A qualitative analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 160: 112-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.031] [PMID: 26796596]
[25]
Sadock BS, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Temperament configurations. In: Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 2022.
[26]
Zaaijer ER, Bruijel J, Blanken P, et al. Personality as a risk factor for illicit opioid use and a protective factor for illicit opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 145: 101-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.783] [PMID: 25454407]
[27]
Shafa R. COMT-inhibitors may be a promising tool in treatment of marijuana addiction. Am J Addict 2009; 18: 322-2.
[28]
Richter J, Brändström S, Emami H, Ghazinour M. An Iranian (Farsi) version of the temperament and character invento-ry: A cross-cultural comparison. Psychol Rep 2007; 100(3 Pt 2)(Suppl.): 1218-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.4.1218-1228] [PMID: 17886509]
[29]
Richter J, Brändström S, Emami H, Ghazonour M. Temperament and character in cross-cultural comparisons between Swedish and Iranian people and Iranian refugees in Sweden personality in transition? Coll Antropol 2004; 28(2): 865-76.
[PMID: 15666622]
[30]
Shahini N, Talaei A, Salimi Z, et al. Temperament and character traits in substance use disorder in Iran: A case control study. BMC Psychol 2021; 9(1): 138.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00647-x] [PMID: 34511136]
[31]
Blanco C, Volkow ND. Management of opioid use disorder in the USA: Present status and future directions. Lancet 2019; 393(10182): 1760-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33078-2] [PMID: 30878228]
[32]
Burns L, Gisev N, Larney S, et al. A longitudinal comparison of retention in buprenorphine and methadone treatment for opioid dependence in New South Wales, Australia. Addiction 2015; 110(4): 646-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12834] [PMID: 25516077]
[70]
Werb Z, Alexander CM, Adler RR. Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinases in development. In: Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inhibitors. (Birkedal- Hansen H, Werb Z, Welgus HG and Van Wart HE Eds.) Matrix Spec. Suppl. No.1. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1992; pp. 337-43.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy