Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Traditional Medicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2215-0838
ISSN (Online): 2215-0846

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Therapeutic Benefits of Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera: A Complete Overview

Author(s): Faridi Shabnam*, Isha Rani*, Dhiman Vivek, Rajat Goyal and Rupesh Kumar Gautam

Volume 9, Issue 2, 2023

Published on: 26 September, 2022

Article ID: e270622206405 Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220627121322

Price: $65

Abstract

Generally, Ayurvedic or herbal products are considered safe to use. According to a report, more than 50% of the global population depends upon herbal products. To meet the global demand for ayurvedic products, more and more herbal plants are analyzed for their active constituents and health benefits. Moringa oleifera is one such plant that is analyzed for its therapeutic benefits. Various parts of this plant, such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers, and immature pods, act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants with antipyretic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, diuretic, antiulcer, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antifungal activities. This review is about the chemical composition of this tree’s market preparation and its different applications.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, miracle tree, horseradish tree, phenolic compounds, antioxidant, anticancer.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4: 177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177] [PMID: 24454289]
[2]
Abdull Razis AF, Ibrahim MD, Kntayya SB. Health benefits of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(20): 8571-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.20.8571] [PMID: 25374169]
[3]
Abd Rani NZ, Husain K, Kumolosasi E. Moringa genus: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9: 108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00108] [PMID: 29503616]
[4]
Hassan MA, Xu T, Tian Y, et al. Health benefits and phenolic compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves: A comprehensive review. Phytomedicine 2021; 93: 153771.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153771] [PMID: 34700271]
[5]
Brilhante RSN, Sales JA, Pereira VS, et al. Research advances on the multiple uses of Moringa oleifera: A sustainable alternative for socially neglected population. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2017; 10(7): 621-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.002] [PMID: 28870337]
[6]
Meireles D, Gomes J, Lopes L, Hinzmann M, Machado J. A review of properties, nutritional and pharmaceutical applications of Moringa oleifera: Integrative approach on conventional and traditional Asian medicine. Adv Tradit Med 2020; 20(4): 495-515.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00468-0]
[7]
Ramachandran C, Peter K. Gopalakrishnan PJEb. Drumstick (Moringa oleifera): A multipurpose Indian vegetable. Econ Bot 1980; 34: 276-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02858648]
[8]
Jyothi P, Atluri J, Reddi CSJPPS. Pollination ecology of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae). Plant Sci 1990; 100(1): 33-42.
[9]
Olson M, Carlquist SJBJLS. Stem and root anatomical correlations with life form diversity, ecology, and systematics in Moringa (Moringaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 2001; 135(4): 315-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb00786.x]
[10]
Paliwal R, Sharma V, Pracheta JJAJB. A review on horse radish tree (Moringa oleifera): A multipurpose tree with high economic and commercial importance. Asian J Biotechno 2011; 3(4): 317-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajbkr.2011.317.328]
[11]
Atawodi SE, Atawodi JC, Idakwo GA, et al. Evaluation of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks of Moringa oleifera Lam. J Med Food 2010; 13(3): 710-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.0057] [PMID: 20521992]
[12]
Adedapo AA, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi AA. Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytochemical and toxicological properties of the methanolic leaf extract of commercially processed Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 26(5): 491-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0105] [PMID: 26020553]
[13]
Padayachee B, Baijnath HJJMPR. An overview of the medicinal importance of Moringaceae. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6(48): 5831-9.
[14]
Sharma P, Kumari P, Srivastava MM, Srivastava S. Removal of cadmium from aqueous system by shelled Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder. Bioresour Technol 2006; 97(2): 299-305.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.034] [PMID: 15949938]
[15]
Mishra SP, Singh P, Singh S. Processing of Moringa oleifera leaves for human consumption. Pharmacol Life Sci 2012; 2(1): 28-31.
[16]
Chumark P, Khunawat P, Sanvarinda Y, et al. The in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties, hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic activities of water extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 116(3): 439-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.12.010] [PMID: 18249514]
[17]
Thurber MD, Fahey JW. Adoption of Moringa oleifera to combat under-nutrition viewed through the lens of the “Diffusion of innovations” theory. Ecol Food Nutr 2009; 48(3): 212-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670240902794598] [PMID: 20161339]
[18]
Aslam M, Anwar F, Nadeem R, Rashid U, Kazi TG, Nadeem M. Mineral composition of Moringa oleifera leaves and pods from different regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Asian J Plant Sci 2005; 4(4): 417-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2005.417.421]
[19]
Asante WJ, Nasare IL, Tom-Dery D, Ochire-Boadu K, Kentil KB. Nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from two agro ecological zones in Ghana. Afr J Plant Sci 2014; 8(1): 65-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2012.0727]
[20]
Dania S, Akpansubi P, Eghagara OJAA. Comparative effects of different fertilizer sources on the growth and nutrient content of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seedling in a greenhouse trial. Advances in Agriculture 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/726313]
[21]
Abarikwu SO, Benjamin S, Ebah SG, Obilor G, Agbam G. Protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil against HgCl2-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28(4): 337-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0033] [PMID: 28306528]
[22]
Tahany MA-R, Hegazy AK, Sayed AM, Kabiel HF, El-Alfy T, El-Komy SM. Study on combined antimicrobial activity of some biologically active constituents from wild Moringa peregrina Forssk. J Yeast Fungal Res 2010; 1(1): 015-24.
[23]
Agrawal ND, Nirala SK, Shukla S, Mathur R. Co-administration of adjuvants along with Moringa oleifera attenuates beryllium-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in rats. Pharm Biol 2015; 53(10): 1465-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.986685] [PMID: 25853973]
[24]
Al-Asmari AK, Albalawi SM, Athar MT, Khan AQ, Al-Shahrani H, Islam M. Moringa oleifera as an anti-cancer agent against breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2015; 10(8): e0135814.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135814] [PMID: 26288313]
[25]
Ndhlala AR, Mulaudzi R, Ncube B, Abdelgadir HA, du Plooy CP, Van Staden J. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical variations in thirteen Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivars. Molecules 2014; 19(7): 10480-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules190710480] [PMID: 25045889]
[26]
Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S. Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera leaves: An overview. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16(6): 12791-835.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160612791] [PMID: 26057747]
[27]
Arulselvan P, Tan WS, Gothai S, et al. Anti-inflammatory potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera in downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Molecules 2016; 21(11): 1452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111452] [PMID: 27809259]
[28]
Manguro LOA, Lemmen P. Phenolics of Moringa oleifera leaves. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21(1): 56-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410601035811] [PMID: 17365690]
[29]
Tumer TB, Rojas-Silva P, Poulev A, Raskin I, Waterman C. Direct and indirect antioxidant activity of polyphenol- and isothiocyanate-enriched fractions from Moringa oleifera. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63(5): 1505-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf505014n] [PMID: 25605589]
[30]
Abd El Baky HH, El-Baroty GSJIJMSBR. Characterization of Egyptian Moringa peregrine seed oil and its bioactivities. Int J Manag 2013; 2: 98-108.
[31]
Teixeira EMB, Carvalho MR, Neves VA, Silva MA, Arantes-Pereira L. Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Food Chem 2014; 147: 51-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.135] [PMID: 24206684]
[32]
Saini RK, Shetty NP, Giridhar P. Carotenoid content in vegetative and reproductive parts of commercially grown Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivars from India by LC–APCI–MS. Eur Food Res Technol 2014; 238(6): 971-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-014-2174-3]
[33]
El-Alfy TS, Ezzat SM, Hegazy AK, Amer AM, Kamel GM. Isolation of biologically active constituents from Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. (family: Moringaceae) growing in Egypt. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 7(26): 109-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.80667] [PMID: 21716619]
[34]
Sahakitpichan P, Mahidol C, Disadee W, Ruchirawat S, Kanchanapoom T. Unusual glycosides of pyrrole alkaloid and 4′-hydroxyphenylethanamide from leaves of Moringa oleifera. Phytochemistry 2011; 72(8): 791-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.021] [PMID: 21439596]
[35]
Sadraei H, Asghari G, Farahnaki F. Assessment of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds and leaves of Moringa peregrina on ileum spasm. Res Pharm Sci 2015; 10(3): 252-8.
[PMID: 26600852]
[36]
Bargah RK, Das C. Isolation and characterization of steroidal glycoside from chloroform extract of the stem bark of Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. Int J Innov Sci Eng Technol 2014; 3: 18319-22.
[37]
Rockwood J, Anderson B, Casamatta DA. Potential uses of Moringa oleifera and an examination of antibiotic efficacy conferred by M. oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques available to underserved indigenous populations. Int J Physiother Res 2013; 3(2): 61-71.
[38]
Moyo B, Masika PJ, Hugo A, Muchenje V. Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. Afr J Biotechnol 2011; 10(60): 12925-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1599]
[39]
Anwar F, Ashraf M, Bhanger MI. Interprovenance variation in the composition of Moringa oleifera oilseeds from Pakistan. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2005; 82(1): 45-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-005-1041-1]
[40]
Bhargave A, Pandey I, Nama KS, Pandey M. Moringa oleifera Lam.-Sanjana (Horseradish Tree)-A miracle food plant with multipurpose uses in Rajasthan-India-an overview. Int J Pure Appl Biosci 2015; 3(6): 237-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2169]
[41]
Gopalakrishnan L, Doriya K, Kumar DS. Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Sci Hum Wellness 2016; 5(2): 49-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.04.001]
[42]
Fuglie LJ. The Moringa tree: A local solution to malnutrition. Church World Service in Senegal 2005; 5: 75-83.
[43]
Barminas J, Charles M. Emmanuel DJPffhn. Mineral composition of non-conventional leafy vegetables. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1998; 53(1): 29-36.
[44]
Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Frimpong-Manso S, Awortwe C, Antwi DA, Nyarko AK. Micro-and macroelemental composition and safety evaluation of the nutraceutical Moringa oleifera leaves. J Toxicol 2014; 2014: 786979.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/786979] [PMID: 25136361]
[45]
Gupta SC, Kim JH, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29(3): 405-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-010-9235-2] [PMID: 20737283]
[46]
Kaur G, Invally M, Sanzagiri R, Buttar HS. Evaluation of the antidepressant activity of Moringa oleifera alone and in combination with fluoxetine. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015; 6(4): 273-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.172384] [PMID: 26834427]
[47]
Siddhuraju P, Becker K. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51(8): 2144-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020444+] [PMID: 12670148]
[48]
Sánchez-Machado DI, Nunez-Gastelum JA, Reyes-Moreno C, Ramirez-Wong B, Lopez-Cervantes J. Nutritional quality of edible parts of Moringa oleifera. Food Anal Methods 2010; 3(3): 175-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-009-9106-z]
[49]
Rashid U, Anwar F, Moser BR, Knothe G. Moringa oleifera oil: A possible source of biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99(17): 8175-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.066] [PMID: 18474424]
[50]
Al-Malki AL, El Rabey H. The antidiabetic effect of low doses of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in male rats. BioMed Res Int 2015; 2015: 381040.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/381040] [PMID: 25629046]
[51]
Adeyemi O, Elebiyo TJJ. Moringa oleifera supplemented diets prevented nickel-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. J Nutr Metab 2014; 2014: 958621.
[52]
Monera TG, Maponga CC. Prevalence and patterns of Moringa oleifera use among HIV positive patients in Zimbabwe: A cross-sectional survey. J Public Health Africa 2012; 3(1): e6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2012.e6] [PMID: 28239440]
[53]
Rahman MS, Zerin L, Anwar MJ. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera stem bark. Chittagong Univ J Biol Sci 2013; 3(1): 109-17.
[54]
Maurya SK, Singh AK. Clinical efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. stems bark in urinary tract infections. International scholarly research notices 2014.
[55]
Vargas-Sánchez K, Garay-Jaramillo E, González-Reyes REJN. Effects of Moringa oleifera on glycaemia and insulin levels: A review of animal and human studies. Nutrients 2019; 11(12): 2907.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122907] [PMID: 31810205]
[56]
Divi SM, Bellamkonda R, Dasireddy SK. Evaluation of antidiabetic and antihyperlipedemic potential of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera in fructose fed insulin resistant and STZ induced diabetic wistar rats: A comparative study. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012; 5(1): 67-72.
[57]
Olaoye AB, Ologunde CA, Molehin OR, Nwankwo I. Comparative antioxidant analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts from South Western States in Nigeria. Fut J Pharm Sci 2021; 7(1): 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00204-8]
[58]
Stohs SJ, Hartman MJ. Review of the safety and efficacy of Moringa oleifera. Phytother Res 2015; 29(6): 796-804.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5325] [PMID: 25808883]
[59]
Kumari DJ. Hypoglycaemic effect of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bioscan 2010; 5(20): 211-4.
[60]
Nair MK, Varghese C, Swaminathan RJ. Cancer: Current scenario, intervention strategies and projections for 2015. NCHM Background papers-Burden of Disease in India 2005; 219-5.
[61]
Hermawan A, Nur KA. Sarmoko, Dewi D, Putri P, Meiyanto E. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera increased cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin on HeLa cancer cells. J Nat Rem 2012; 12(2): 108-14.
[62]
Liou G-Y, Storz P. Reactive oxygen species in cancer. Free Radic Res 2010; 44(5): 479-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10715761003667554]
[63]
Awodele O, Oreagba IA, Odoma S, da Silva JA, Osunkalu VO. Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139(2): 330-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.008] [PMID: 22138517]
[64]
Khor KZ, Lim V, Moses EJ, Abul Samad N. The in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of Moringa oleifera. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 2018: 1071243.
[65]
Jung IL, Lee JH, Kang SC. A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10(3): 1597-604.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3482] [PMID: 26622717]
[66]
Krishnamurthy PT, Vardarajalu A, Wadhwani A, Patel V. Identification and characterization of a potent anticancer fraction from the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera L. Indian J Exp Biol 2015; 53(2): 98-103.
[PMID: 25757240]
[67]
Xie J, Peng L-J, Yang M-R, et al. Alkaloid extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Exerts antitumor activity in human non-small-cell lung cancer via modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021: 5591687.
[68]
Baker K, Marcus CB, Huffman K, Kruk H, Malfroy B, Doctrow SR. Synthetic combined superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics are protective as a delayed treatment in a rat stroke model: A key role for reactive oxygen species in ischemic brain injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 284(1): 215-21.
[PMID: 9435181]
[69]
Kirisattayakul W, Wattanathorn J, Tong-Un T, Muchimapura S, Wannanon P, Jittiwat J. Cerebroprotective effect of Moringa oleifera against focal ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013; 2013: 951415.
[70]
Oyedepo T, Babarinde SO, Ajayeoba TA. Evaluation of anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Biochem Res Rev 2013; 3(3): 162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2013/3639]
[71]
Ruckmani K, Kavimani S, Anandan R, Jaykar B. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Pharm Sci 1998; 60(1): 33.
[72]
Choudhary MK, Bodakhe SH, Gupta SK. Assessment of the antiulcer potential of Moringa oleifera root-bark extract in rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2013; 6(4): 214-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2013.07.003] [PMID: 23972244]
[73]
Liu M, Ding H, Wang H, et al. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts protect BMSC osteogenic induction following peroxidative damage by activating the PI3K/Akt/Foxo1 pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16(1): 150.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02284-x] [PMID: 33610167]
[74]
Kushwaha S, Chawla P, Kochhar A. Effect of supplementation of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) leaves powder on antioxidant profile and oxidative status among postmenopausal women. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51(11): 3464-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0859-9] [PMID: 26396347]
[75]
Fakurazi S, Hairuszah I, Nanthini U. Moringa oleifera Lam prevents acetaminophen induced liver injury through restoration of glutathione level. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46(8): 2611-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.018] [PMID: 18514995]
[76]
Fakurazi S, Sharifudin SA, Arulselvan P. Moringa oleifera hydroethanolic extracts effectively alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats through their antioxidant nature. Molecules 2012; 17(7): 8334-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078334] [PMID: 22781444]
[77]
Mahdi HJ, Khan NAK, Bin Asmawi MZ, Mahmud R, Murugaiyah V. In vivo anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive effects of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Integr Med Res 2018; 7(1): 85-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2017.11.002] [PMID: 29629295]
[78]
Cáceres A, Cabrera O, Morales O, Mollinedo P, Mendia P. Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 33(3): 213-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90078-R] [PMID: 1921416]
[79]
Peirano RI, Hamann T, Düsing HJ, et al. Topically applied L-carnitine effectively reduces sebum secretion in human skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2012; 11(1): 30-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00597.x] [PMID: 22360332]
[80]
Wójcik A, Budzisz E, Rotsztejn H. Skin surface lipids and their measurements Postępy Dermatologii I Alergologii 2011; 28(6): 498-505.
[81]
Prabhakar PK, Doble M. A target based therapeutic approach towards diabetes mellitus using medicinal plants. Curr Diabetes Rev 2008; 4(4): 291-308.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339908786241124] [PMID: 18991598]
[82]
Jaiswal D, Rai PK, Kumar A, Mehta S, Watal G. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves aqueous extract therapy on hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123(3): 392-6.
[83]
Suraja R, Rejitha G, Sunilson JAJ, Anandarajagopal K, Promwichit P. In vivo hair growth activity of Prunus dulcis seeds in rats. Biol Med (Aligarh) 2009; 1(4): 34-8.
[84]
Thorat RM, Jadhav VM, Kadam VJ. Development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for hair growth-promoting activity. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2009; 1(4): 1251-4.
[85]
Takahashi T, Kamiya T, Yokoo Y. Proanthocyanidins from grape seeds promote proliferation of mouse hair follicle cells in vitro and convert hair cycle in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol 1998; 78(6): 428-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000155598442719] [PMID: 9833041]
[86]
Acuram LK, Chichioco Hernandez CL. Anti-hypertensive effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Cogent Biol 2019; 5(1): 1596526.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1596526]
[87]
Mittal A, Sharma M, David A, et al. An experimental study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Moringa oleifera leaves in animal models. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2017; 6(6): 2319-003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20170347]
[88]
Roy CJ. A nootropic effect of Moringa oleifera on Ach and ChAT activity in colchicine induced experimental rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: Possible involvement of antioxidants. Al Ameen J Med Sci 2014; 7(2): 125-33.
[89]
Omodanisi EI, Aboua YG, Chegou NN, Oguntibeju OO. Hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory activity of Moringa oleifera in diabetic-induced damage in male wistar rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9(2): 182-7.
[PMID: 28539743]
[90]
Oluduro O, Idowu TO, Aderiye BI, Famurewa O, Omoboye OO. Evaluation of antibacterial potential of crude extract of Moringa oleifera seed on orthopaedics wound isolates and characterization of phenylmethanamine and benzyl isothiocyanate derivatives. Res J Med Plant 2012; 6(5): 383-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2012.383.394]
[91]
Cajuday LA, Pocsidio G. Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) on the reproduction of male mice (Mus musculus). J Med Plants Res 2010; 4(12): 1115-21.
[92]
Bhattacharya A, Naik M, Agrawal D, Sahu P, Kumar S, Mishra S. CNS depressant and muscle relaxant effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on albino rats. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2014; 6: 1441-9.
[93]
Zaffer M, Ganie S, Sharma R, Mahajan S, Gupta A, Agnihotri R. Antifungal activity and preliminary phytochemical analysis of bark extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. Int J Biosci 2012; 2(12): 26-30.
[94]
Fahey J. Moringa oleifera: A review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees Life J 2005; 1(5): 1-15.
[95]
Pari L, Kumar N. Hepatoprotective activity of Moringa oleifera on antitubercular drug-induced liver damage in rats. J Med Food 2002; 5(3): 171-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/10966200260398206] [PMID: 12495589]
[96]
Ahmadu T, Ahmad K, Ismail SI, Rashed O, Asib N, Omar D. Antifungal efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Braz J Biol 2021; 81(4): 1007-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.233173] [PMID: 33175006]
[97]
Sutar N, Patil V, Deshmukh TA, Jawle N, Bhangale SC. Evaluation of anti-pyretic potential of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. Int J Green Pharm 2009; 3(2): 148.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.54908]
[98]
Pilotos J, Ibrahim KA, Mowa CN, Opata MM. Moringa oleifera treatment increases Tbet expression in CD4+ T cells and remediates immune defects of malnutrition in Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice. Malar J 2020; 19(1): 62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-3129-8] [PMID: 32033605]
[99]
Ekesa BN. Selected superfoods and their derived superdiets. In: Shiomi N, Waisundara V, Eds. Superfood and Functional Food. London, UK: IntechOpen 2017; pp. 95-114.
[100]
Adsersen A, Adsersen H. Plants from Réunion Island with alleged antihypertensive and diuretic effects-an experimental and ethnobotanical evaluation. J Ethnopharmacol 1997; 58(3): 189-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00100-1] [PMID: 9421255]
[101]
Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011; 1(2): 124-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60009-9] [PMID: 23569741]
[102]
Lalas S, Tsaknis J. Characterization of Moringa oleifera see oil variety “Periyakulam 1”. J Food Compos Anal 2002; 15(1): 65-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2001.1042]
[103]
Moulin M, Mossou E, Signor L, et al. Towards a molecular understanding of the water purification properties of Moringa seed proteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554: 296-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.071] [PMID: 31302367]
[104]
Suhartini S, Hidayat N, Rosaliana EJIa. Influence of powdered Moringa oleifera seeds and natural filter media on the characteristics of tapioca starch wastewater. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 2013; 2(1): 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2251-7715-2-12]
[105]
Ravikumar K, Sheeja AK. Heavy metal removal from water using Moringa oleifera seed coagulant and double filtration. Int J Sci Eng Res 2013; 4(5): 10-3.
[106]
Aluko O, Brai MR, Adelore AO. Evaluation of sensory attributes of snack from maize-moringa seed flour blends. Int J Nutr Food Eng 2013; 7(10): 944-6.
[107]
Santos AF, Luz L, Pontual E, Napoleao T, Paiva P, Coelho L. C. Moringa oleifera: Resource management and multiuse life tree. Adv Res 2015; 4(6): 388-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2015/18177]
[108]
Kiranawati TM, Nurjanah N. Improvement of noodles recipe for increasing breastmilk: Design of the Moringa noodles. Am J Food Sci Technol 2014; 2(3): 88-92.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
10
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy