Title:Antimicrobial Potentials, Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Bioactive Compounds from Three Indian Folk Medicinal Plants
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Author(s): V. Vanitha, S. Vijayakumar*S. Rajalakshmi
Affiliation:
- Computational Phytochemistry Lab, PG and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi, Tamil Nadu,India
Keywords:
Antimicrobial activity, inhibitory concentration, Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus,
HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR.
Abstract:
Background: Globally, multidrug resistance has increased in both the society and health
care systems related to bacterial infections which is impaired due to massive antimicrobial treatments.
Therefore, we need efficient, non-toxic compounds from plant-based alternatives. The aim
of the present study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of leaf extracts with various solvents
of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic
organisms.
Methods: Antimicrobial properties of various extracts of A. marmelos, P. zeylanica and R. nasutus
were investigated against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella
enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC),
Minimum Bactericidal / Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) values were also evaluated by the
microdilution method and the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FTIR
analysis were identified.
Results: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the
tested pathogens, especially for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus
(36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While the least inhibition zone was observed for the aqueous
extract of P. zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm). The MIC value ranged from 3.75 μg/ml to
60 μg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 μg/ml to 60 μg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of
alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all
samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl
acetate extract of P. zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica
produced ten major peaks thus exhibiting eleven compounds respectively. The chemical nature
of the leaf extract was analyzed by the FT-IR spectrum.
Conclusion: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than
other extracts and even standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be further considered for advanced
research to identify active biomolecules in developing antimicrobial drugs.